Chronic stress and ageing are two of the most important factors that negatively affect cognitive processes such as learning and memory across the lifespan. To date, pharmacological agents have been insufficient in reducing the impact of both on brain health, and thus, novel therapeutic strategies are required. Recent research has focused on nutritional interventions to modify behaviour and reduce the deleterious consequences of both stress and ageing. In this context, emerging evidence indicate that phospholipids, a specific type of fat, are capable of improving a variety of cognitive processes in both animals and humans. The mechanisms underlying these positive effects are actively being investigated but as of yet are not fully elucidated. In this review, we summarise the preclinical and clinical studies available on phospholipid-based strategies for improved brain health across the lifespan. Moreover, we summarize the hypothesized direct and indirect mechanisms of action of these lipid-based interventions which may be used to promote resilience to stress and improve age-related cognitive decline in vulnerable populations.

中文翻译：

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膳食磷脂：在整个生命周期的认知过程中的作用。

慢性压力和衰老是对认知过程（例如整个生命周期中的学习和记忆）产生负面影响的两个最重要因素。迄今为止，药理学剂不足以减少两者对脑健康的影响，因此，需要新颖的治疗策略。最近的研究集中在营养干预上，以改变行为并减少压力和衰老的有害后果。在这种情况下，新出现的证据表明，磷脂（一种特殊的脂肪）能够改善动物和人类的各种认知过程。这些积极作用的潜在机制正在积极研究中，但至今尚未完全阐明。在这篇评论中 我们总结了基于磷脂的策略在整个生命周期中改善大脑健康的临床前和临床研究。此外，我们总结了这些基于脂质的干预措施的假设的直接和间接作用机制，可用于增强脆弱人群的抗逆能力并改善与年龄相关的认知能力下降。