Hybridizations between closely related species commonly occur in the domestication process of many crops. Banana cultivars are derived from such hybridizations between species and subspecies of the Musa genus that have diverged in various tropical Southeast Asian regions and archipelagos. Among the diploid and triploid hybrids generated, those with seedless parthenocarpic fruits were selected by humans and thereafter dispersed through vegetative propagation. Musa acuminata subspecies contribute to most of these cultivars. We analyzed sequence data from 14 M. acuminata wild accessions and 10 M. acuminata-based cultivars, including diploids and one triploid, to characterize the ancestral origins along their chromosomes. We used multivariate analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism clustering and identified five ancestral groups as contributors to these cultivars. Four of these corresponded to known M. acuminata subspecies. A fifth group, found only in cultivars, was defined based on the 'Pisang Madu' cultivar and represented two uncharacterized genetic pools. Diverse ancestral contributions along cultivar chromosomes were found, resulting in mosaics with at least three and up to five ancestries. The commercially important triploid Cavendish banana cultivar had contributions from at least one of the uncharacterized genetic pools and three known M. acuminata subspecies. Our results highlighted that cultivated banana origins are more complex than expected - involving multiple hybridization steps - and also that major wild banana ancestors have yet to be identified. This study revealed the extent to which admixture has framed the evolution and domestication of a crop plant.

中文翻译：

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基因组祖先马赛克揭示了栽培香蕉的多种隐秘因素。

紧密相关物种之间的杂交通常发生在许多农作物的驯化过程中。香蕉品种源自在热带东南亚地区和群岛分布不同的Musa属物种和亚种之间的这种杂交。在产生的二倍体和三倍体杂种中，人类选择了无籽单性结实果实的那些，然后通过营养繁殖而分散。芭蕉属亚种促成了这些品种中的大多数。我们分析了来自14 M. acuminata野生种和10 M. acuminata的品种（包括二倍体和一个三倍体）的序列数据，以表征沿其染色体的祖先起源。我们使用多元分析和单核苷酸多态性聚类，并确定了五个祖先群体为这些品种的贡献者。其中四个对应于已知的尖锐湿疣亚种。第五类，仅在品种中发现，是基于“ Pisang Madu”品种定义的，代表了两个未表征的遗传库。发现沿品种染色体的祖先有不同的贡献，导致镶嵌了至少三个和多达五个祖先的花叶。商业上重要的三倍体Cavendish香蕉品种至少来自一个未表征的遗传库和三个已知的M. acuminata亚种。我们的结果强调，栽培香蕉的来源比预期的要复杂得多（涉及多个杂交步骤），而且尚未确定主要的野生香蕉祖先。这项研究揭示了混合物在多大程度上影响了农作物的进化和驯化。