ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial protein that functions as a physiological inhibitor of F1F0-ATP synthase. In the present study, a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (MjATPIF1) was identified from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus), which was demonstrated to participate in the viral immune reaction of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). MjATPIF1 contained a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor (IATP) domain, and was widely distributed in hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestine of shrimp. MjATPIF1 transcription was upregulated in hemocytes and intestines by WSSV. WSSV replication decreased after MjATPIF1 knockdown by RNA interference and increased following recombinant MjATPIF1 protein injection. Further study found that MjATPIF1 promoted the production of superoxide and activated the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB, Dorsal) to induce the transcription of WSSV RNAs. These results demonstrate that MjATPIF1 benefits WSSV replication in kuruma shrimp by inducing superoxide production and NF-κB activation.

中文翻译：

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线粒体ATPase抑制剂因子1 MjATPIF1对于黑斑虾（Marsupenaeus japonicus）中的WSSV复制有益。

ATPase抑制因子1（IF1）是一种线粒体蛋白，可作为F1F0-ATP合酶的生理抑制剂。在本研究中，从黑斑虾（Marsupenaeus japonicus）中鉴定出线粒体ATPase抑制剂因子1（MjATPIF1），证明其参与了白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）的病毒免疫反应。MjATPIF1包含线粒体ATPase抑制剂（IATP）域，并广泛分布在虾的血细胞，心脏，肝胰脏，腮，胃和肠道中。WSSV在血细胞和肠中上调MjATPIF1转录。WSSV复制在RNA干扰MjATPIF1敲低后减少，在重组MjATPIF1蛋白注射后增加。进一步的研究发现MjATPIF1促进了超氧化物的产生并激活了转录因子核因子kappa B（NF-κB，背面）来诱导WSSV RNA的转录。这些结果表明，MjATPIF1通过诱导超氧化物的产生和NF-κB的活化而有利于黑熊虾中WSSV复制。