Nest site availability and quality are important for maintaining robust populations and communities of wild bees. However, for most species, nesting traits and nest site conditions are poorly known, limiting both our understanding of basic ecology for bee species and conservation efforts. Additionally, many of the threats commonly associated with reducing bee populations have effects that can extend into nests but are largely unstudied. In general, threats such as habitat disturbances and climate change likely affect nest site availability and nest site conditions, which in turn affect nest initiation, growth, development, and overwintering success of bees. To facilitate a better understanding of how these and other threats may affect nesting bees, in this review, I quantify key nesting traits and environmental conditions and then consider how these traits may intersect with observed and anticipated changes in nesting conditions experienced by wild bees. These data suggest that the effects of common threats to bees through nesting may strongly influence their survival and persistence but are vastly understudied. Increasing research into nesting biology and incorporating nesting information into conservation efforts may help improve conservation of this declining but critical group.

中文翻译：

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筑巢特性对野生蜂群落健康的影响。

巢址的可用性和质量对于维持强大的野生蜜蜂种群和群落至关重要。然而，对于大多数物种而言，人们对巢的性状和巢位条件知之甚少，这既限制了我们对蜜蜂物种基本生态学的理解，也限制了保护工作。此外，许多与减少蜜蜂种群有关的威胁所产生的影响可以扩展到巢中，但很大程度上尚未得到研究。通常，栖息地干扰和气候变化等威胁可能会影响巢穴的可用性和巢穴条件，进而影响蜂巢的形成，生长，发育和越冬成功。为了便于更好地了解这些威胁和其他威胁如何影响筑巢蜂，在本次审查中，我对关键的筑巢性状和环境条件进行了量化，然后考虑了这些性状如何与野生蜜蜂在筑巢条件下观察到的和预期的变化相交。这些数据表明，通过筑巢对蜜蜂的常见威胁所产生的影响可能会强烈影响其生存和持久性，但尚未得到充分研究。越来越多的关于巢式生物学的研究以及将巢式信息纳入保护工作中，可能有助于改善这一数量下降但至关重要的群体的保护。