Abstract Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor, where supercritical water serves as a fluidizing agent, is viewed as a promising way in hydrogen production. Water in cold jet experiences great physical fluctuations through injection under supercritical pressure. Severe temperature changes easily result in heterogeneous flow structures when cold jet injects entraining particles into the reactor. This paper develops an EMMS/energy model based on the energy-minimization multi-scale principles where energy balance equations are added. The effects of temperature on drag force due to simultaneous change of water density and viscosity are investigated. Validation is done with this new drag model incorporated into the Euler-Euler Two-Fluid model. Results show that temperature increase improves heterogeneous flow structure, especially in particles-dilute flow. EMMS/energy model can capture particle acceleration by thermal expansion of water in cold jet, which is responsible for clusters of particles.

中文翻译：

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用冷射流模拟超临界水流化床中的固液相互作用

摘要 以超临界水为流化剂的超临界水流化床反应器被认为是一种很有前途的制氢方式。冷射流中的水在超临界压力下通过喷射经历很大的物理波动。当冷喷射将夹带颗粒注入反应器时，剧烈的温度变化很容易导致不均匀的流动结构。本文基于添加了能量平衡方程的能量最小化多尺度原理开发了一个 EMMS/能量模型。由于水密度和粘度的同时变化，温度对拖曳力的影响进行了研究。验证是通过合并到 Euler-Euler 两流体模型中的这个新阻力模型完成的。结果表明，温度升高改善了非均相流动结构，特别是在颗粒稀流中。EMMS/能量模型可以通过冷射流中水的热膨胀来捕获粒子加速，冷射流负责形成粒子簇。