The immune system is under control of the circadian clock. Many of the circadian rhythms observed in the immune system originate in direct interactions between components of the circadian clock and components of the immune system. The main means of circadian control over the immune system is by direct control of circadian clock proteins acting as transcription factors driving the expression or repression of immune genes. A second circadian control of immunity lies in the acetylation or methylation of histones to regulate gene transcription or inflammatory proteins. Furthermore, circadian clock proteins can engage in direct physical interactions with components of key inflammatory pathways such as members of the NFκB protein family. This regulation is transcription independent and allows the immune system to also reciprocally exert control over circadian clock function. Thus, the molecular interactions between the circadian clock and the immune system are manifold. We highlight and discuss here the recent findings with respect to the molecular mechanisms that control time-of-day-dependent immunity. This review provides a structured overview focusing on the key circadian clock proteins and discusses their reciprocal interactions with the immune system.

中文翻译：

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生物钟的组成部分与免疫系统之间的分子相互作用。

免疫系统受生物钟控制。在免疫系统中观察到的许多昼夜节律源于生物钟的组成部分与免疫系统的组成部分之间的直接相互作用。对免疫系统进行昼夜节律控制的主要手段是直接控制作为转录因子的生物钟蛋白，驱动免疫基因的表达或抑制。免疫的第二个昼夜节律控制在于组蛋白的乙酰化或甲基化以调节基因转录或炎症蛋白。此外，生物钟蛋白可以与关键炎症通路的成分（例如 NFκB 蛋白家族的成员）进行直接的物理相互作用。这种调节是独立于转录的，并且允许免疫系统也相互控制生物钟功能。因此，生物钟和免疫系统之间的分子相互作用是多方面的。我们在此重点讨论并讨论最近关于控制时间依赖性免疫的分子机制的发现。这篇综述提供了一个结构化的概述，重点关注关键的生物钟蛋白，并讨论了它们与免疫系统的相互作用。