Abstract A superhydrophobic/superoleophilic material was prepared by coating hexadecyltrimethoxysilane-grafted reduced graphene oxide on the skeleton of a melamine sponge (HDTMS/rGO-MF) via a low-cost and simple method. The structure of HDTMS/rGO-MF was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. HDTMS/rGO-MF showed repellency to water and affinity to oil, with a water contact angle of 153.2° and oil contact angle of nearly 0°. Owing to its hierarchical pore structure and superhydrophobicity, the absorption capacities of HDTMS/rGO-MF for various oils and organic solvents were 8.79–20.85 g/g. Additionally, HDTMS/rGO-MF could be successfully reused through absorption-squeezing and absorption-distillation cycles, due to its chemical and mechanical stability. Thus, HDTMS/rGO-MF was used in an oil-collecting device with the assistance of a pump or a funnel, and achieved recovery rates of 50 %–90 % for various organic solvents. In particular, the recovery of chloroform reached 97 % after 10 cycles of filtration–separation. Moreover, HDTMS/rGO-MF increased the transparency of the n-hexane-in-water and toluene-in-water emulsion.

中文翻译：

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十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷改性的还原石墨烯基超疏水海绵用于吸油

摘要 通过低成本、简单的方法将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷接枝的还原氧化石墨烯包覆在三聚氰胺海绵（HDTMS/rGO-MF）的骨架上，制备了一种超疏水/超亲油材料。HDTMS/rGO-MF的结构通过扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析证实。HDTMS/rGO-MF 具有拒水和亲油性，水接触角为 153.2°，油接触角接近 0°。由于其分级孔结构和超疏水性，HDTMS/rGO-MF 对各种油和有机溶剂的吸收能力为 8.79-20.85 g/g。此外，由于其化学和机械稳定性，HDTMS/rGO-MF 可以通过吸收-挤压和吸收-蒸馏循环成功重复使用。因此，HDTMS/rGO-MF在泵或漏斗的辅助下用于集油装置，对各种有机溶剂实现了50%~90%的回收率。特别是，经过 10 次过滤-分离循环后，氯仿的回收率达到了 97%。此外，HDTMS/rGO-MF 增加了水包正己烷和水包甲苯乳液的透明度。