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Breast cancer stem cell antigens as targets for immunotherapy.
Seminars in Immunology ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101386
Elena Quaglino 1 , Laura Conti 1 , Federica Cavallo 1
Affiliation  

The great success of immunotherapy is paving the way for a new era in cancer treatment and is driving major improvements in the therapy of patients suffering from a range of solid tumors. However, the choice of the appropriate tumor antigens to be targeted with cancer vaccines and T-cell therapies is still a challenge. Most antigens targeted so far have been identified on the tumor bulk and are expressed on differentiated cancer cells. The discovery of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC), which is refractory to most current therapies and responsible for the development of metastasis and recurrence, has made it clear that the ideal targets for immunotherapies are the antigens that are expressed in CSC and play a key role in their function. Indeed, their immunotargeting would enable the eradication of CSC to be performed, thus eliminating the tumor source. We call these antigens “CSC oncoantigens”.

Herein, we summarize the controversial nature of breast CSC, discuss why they represent good candidates for cancer immunotherapy, and review the CSC antigens that have been used as targets for CSC immunotargeting this far. Moreover, we describe the pipeline that we have developed for the identification of fresh CSC oncoantigens, and present the pre-clinical results obtained with vaccines that target some of these antigens.



中文翻译:

乳腺癌干细胞抗原作为免疫治疗的靶标。

免疫疗法的巨大成功为癌症治疗的新纪元铺平了道路,并推动了对一系列实体瘤患者的治疗方法的重大改进。但是,选择适合癌症疫苗和T细胞疗法的肿瘤抗原仍然是一个挑战。迄今为止,大多数靶向抗原已在肿瘤块上鉴定,并在分化的癌细胞上表达。少数癌症干细胞(CSC)的发现对大多数目前的治疗方法都是难治的,并负责转移和复发的发展,这清楚地表明,免疫治疗的理想靶标是CSC和CSC中表达的抗原。在其功能中起关键作用。的确,他们的免疫靶向技术可以根除CSC,从而消除了肿瘤来源。我们称这些抗原为“ CSC癌抗原”。

在此,我们总结了乳腺癌CSC的争议性质,讨论了为什么它们代表了癌症免疫疗法的良好候选者,并回顾了迄今为止已被用作CSC免疫靶标的CSC抗原。此外,我们描述了我们为鉴定新鲜CSC癌抗原而开发的产品线,并介绍了针对这些抗原中某些抗原的疫苗获得的临床前结果。

更新日期:2020-01-10
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