Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash produced in waste-to-energy plants possesses a serious threat to human health. Although the traditional methods including toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and sequential extraction approach can partially evaluate the reduction of heavy metals leaching from thermally treated MSWI fly ash, the potential threat towards organisms is frequently ignored in previous literature. Considering this, herein we systematically assess the cytotoxicity of heat-treated samples using multiple cells from different biological tissues/organs for the first time. The results indicate that the leachability and transferability of heavy metals are declined after treatment. The biological assays demonstrate that the leachates from the treated residues induce lower phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity compared with the original samples. Moreover, according to the cellular responses of multiple cells to the leachates, normal cells (MC3T3-E1, HUVEC, and L929) are more tolerant to the leachates than cancerous cells (4T1, MG63), and the skin fibroblasts (L929), which often interact with the external circumstance, have the best cellular tolerance. This work provides a novel platform to determine the potential biosecurity of MSWI fly ash-derived products towards organisms, when they are served as secondary building materials in the constructional industry that may be contact with animals and human beings.

中文翻译：

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热处理MSWI粉煤灰的凝固和多细胞毒性评估。

废物转化为能源的工厂产生的城市固体废物焚烧（MSWI）粉煤灰严重威胁人类健康。尽管包括毒性特征浸出程序和顺序萃取方法在内的传统方法可以部分评估热处理过的MSWI粉煤灰中重金属浸出的减少情况，但在以前的文献中经常忽略了对生物体的潜在威胁。考虑到这一点，本文我们首次使用来自不同生物组织/器官的多个细胞系统地评估了热处理样品的细胞毒性。结果表明，处理后重金属的浸出性和转移性下降。生物学测定表明，与原始样品相比，来自处理后残留物的浸出液诱导较低的植物毒性和细胞毒性。此外，根据多种细胞对浸出液的细胞反应，正常细胞（MC3T3-E1，HUVEC和L929）比癌细胞（4T1，MG63）和皮肤成纤维细胞（L929）对浸出液的耐受性更高。经常与外界环境相互作用，具有最佳的细胞耐受性。这项工作提供了一个新颖的平台，用于确定MSWI粉煤灰衍生产品对生物的潜在生物安全性，当它们用作建筑业中可能与动物和人类接触的次要建筑材料时。和L929）对浸出液的耐受性要高于癌细胞（4T1，MG63），而且经常与外界环境相互作用的皮肤成纤维细胞（L929）具有最佳的细胞耐受性。这项工作提供了一个新颖的平台，用于确定MSWI粉煤灰衍生产品对生物的潜在生物安全性，当它们用作建筑业中可能与动物和人类接触的次要建筑材料时。和L929）对浸出液的耐受性要高于癌细胞（4T1，MG63），而且经常与外界环境相互作用的皮肤成纤维细胞（L929）具有最佳的细胞耐受性。这项工作提供了一个新颖的平台，用于确定MSWI粉煤灰衍生产品对生物的潜在生物安全性，当它们用作建筑业中可能与动物和人类接触的次要建筑材料时。