STUDY OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations. METHOD The participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 ± 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 ± 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS. RESULTS All sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20-1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15-1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15-2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13-1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72-3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night). CONCLUSION The familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems.

中文翻译：

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两代人的睡眠时间和与睡眠有关的症状-基于社区的RHINE和RHINESSA研究的结果。

研究目的分析父母和子女的睡眠相关症状和睡眠时间与两代人中其他危险因素之间的关系。方法参与者为父母（n = 5855，年龄54.3±6.5岁，男性占45.2％），他们参加了以社区为基础的北欧呼吸健康（RHINE）研究，并随机生了一个成年后代（n = 5855）。 30.2±7.7岁，占41.5％的男性）参加了北欧，西班牙和澳大利亚的呼吸健康研究。两代人都对相同的睡眠症状问卷进行了回答，包括难以入睡（DIS），难以维持睡眠（DMS），清晨醒来（EMA），打,、夜间出汗，夜间胃食管反流（nGER），睡眠时间和白天过度嗜睡（EDS）。失眠被定义为DIS和DMS与EDS结合使用，或两者兼有。结果在父母报告相同症状的后代中，除夜间出汗外，所有睡眠变量均较常见。在调整了年龄，性别，BMI，吸烟，体育锻炼，教育程度，中心和父母的孩子总数之后，DIS的父母和后代的睡眠症状之间存在独立的关联（或，95％CI：1.52，1.20 -1.93），DMS（1.34、1.15-1.56），打nor（1.45、1.15、1.83），nGER（1.65、1.15-2.37），失眠（1.39、1.13-1.73），短睡眠时间（<6小时/夜） （2.51、1.72-3.68）和EDS（1.48、1.26、1.72）。父母和后代的EMA症状，夜间出汗或长时间睡眠（> 9小时/晚）之间没有独立的关系。结论所调查的生活方式和环境因素并未解释许多睡眠障碍的常见聚集。这支持了睡眠问题中的遗传因素。