BACKGROUND Emotional distress following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss is common, with enduring grief occurring for many parents. However, little is known about men's grief, since the majority of existing literature and subsequent bereavement care guidelines have focused on women. To develop a comprehensive understanding of men's grief, this systematic review sought to summarise and appraise the literature focusing on men's grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken with searches completed across four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL). These were guided by two research questions: 1) what are men's experiences of grief following pregnancy/neonatal loss; and 2) what are the predictors of men's grief following pregnancy/neonatal loss? Eligible articles were qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods empirical studies including primary data on men's grief, published between 1998 and October 2018. Eligibility for loss type included miscarriage or stillbirth (by any definition), termination of pregnancy for nonviable foetal anomaly, and neonatal death up to 28 days after a live birth. RESULTS A final sample of 46 articles were identified, including 26 qualitative, 19 quantitative, and one mixed methods paper. Findings indicate that men's grief experiences are highly varied, and current grief measures may not capture all of the complexities of grief for men. Qualitative studies identified that in comparison to women, men may face different challenges including expectations to support female partners, and a lack of social recognition for their grief and subsequent needs. Men may face double-disenfranchised grief in relation to the pregnancy/neonatal loss experience. CONCLUSION There is a need to increase the accessibility of support services for men following pregnancy/neonatal loss, and to provide recognition and validation of their experiences of grief. Cohort studies are required among varied groups of bereaved men to confirm grief-predictor relationships, and to refine an emerging socio-ecological model of men's grief. TRIALS REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018103981.

中文翻译：

---

男性在妊娠丢失和新生儿丢失后的悲伤：系统回顾和新兴理论模型。

背景技术流产和新生儿流产后的情绪困扰很常见，许多父母都承受着持久的悲伤。然而，人们对男性的悲伤知之甚少，因为大多数现有文献和随后的丧亲护理指南都集中在女性身上。为了全面了解男性的悲伤，本系统综述旨在总结和评价有关男性在妊娠流产和新生儿流产后的悲伤的文献。方法 对四个数据库（PubMed、PsycINFO、Embase 和 CINAHL）完成的检索进行了系统评价。这些研究以两个研究问题为指导：1）男性在怀孕/新生儿丧失后的悲伤经历是什么？2) 男性在怀孕/新生儿流产后悲伤的预测因素是什么？符合条件的文章是定性、定量或混合方法的实证研究，包括 1998 年至 2018 年 10 月期间发表的有关男性悲伤的主要数据。损失类型的资格包括流产或死产（任何定义）、因胎儿异常而终止妊娠以及新生儿死亡活产后最多 28 天。结果 确定了 46 篇文章的最终样本，其中包括 26 篇定性论文、19 篇定量论文和一篇混合方法论文。研究结果表明，男性的悲伤经历差异很大，目前的悲伤措施可能无法涵盖男性悲伤的所有复杂性。定性研究发现，与女性相比，男性可能面临不同的挑战，包括支持女性伴侣的期望，以及对他们的悲伤和后续需求缺乏社会认可。男性可能面临与怀孕/新生儿损失经历相关的双重被剥夺权利的悲伤。结论 有必要增加怀孕/新生儿流产后男性获得支持服务的机会，并承认和验证他们的悲伤经历。需要对不同的失去亲人的男性群体进行队列研究，以确认悲伤与预测因素的关系，并完善新兴的男性悲伤社会生态模型。试用注册 PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42018103981。