A novel bio-based flame retardant, ammonium phosphate starch carbamates (APSC) was synthesized from starch, phosphoric acid and urea to achieve better thermal stability and char formation. Flame retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS) were prepared by coating method with APSC. The fire resistance evaluation of EPS composites by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and cone calorimeter tests indicated that the addition of 47 wt.% of APSC enhanced the LOI from 17.6%-35.2%, with V-0 rating in UL-94, and decreased the peak heat release rate from 666 kW/m2 to 316 kW/m2. Moreover, the total smoke production was also sharply decreased from 70 m2 of pure EPS to 17 m2. By the presence of APSC, the substantial char formation prevented the heat and oxygen transfer, and interrupted the releasing of flammable products, thus protecting the EPS foam from burning.

中文翻译：

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淀粉衍生物与脲磷酸反应的制备及其对可发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料防火性能的影响。

由淀粉，磷酸和尿素合成了一种新型的生物基阻燃剂磷酸铵淀粉氨基甲酸酯（APSC），以实现更好的热稳定性和形成炭。阻燃发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（EPS）采用APSC涂层法制备。通过限制氧指数（LOI），垂直燃烧（UL-94）和锥形量热仪测试对EPS复合材料的耐火性评估表明，添加47 wt。％的APSC可使LOI从17.6％-35.2％升高，其中V-在UL-94中等级为0，峰值放热率从666 kW / m2降低到316 kW / m2。此外，总烟雾产量也从70平方米的纯EPS急剧下降到17平方米。由于存在APSC，大量的焦炭阻止了热量和氧气的传递，并中断了易燃产品的释放，