Charging–discharging coordination between electric vehicles and the power grid is gaining interest as a de-carbonization tool and provider of ancillary services. In electric vehicle applications, the aggregator acts as the intelligent mediator between the power grid and the vehicle. In recent years, researchers have introduced the concepts of aggregated energy management, centralized-decentralized planning, and ideal charging–discharging through improved technologies and integrated energy planning. These methods have the technical ability to adapt the distribution network according to load, aggregator-controlled optimal charging–discharging, demand management systems, strategic load assessments, and management. A comprehensive review suggests that large-scale electric vehicle charging technologies for controlled charging–discharging is becoming a pitfall within the grid and distribution network. This paper reviews several controlled charging–discharging issues with respect to system performance, such as overloading, deteriorating power quality, and power loss. Thus, it highlights a new approach in the form of multistage hierarchical controlled charging–discharging. The challenges and issues faced by electric vehicle applications are also discussed from the aggregator's point of view.

中文翻译：

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并网电动汽车充放电策略控制综述

电动汽车和电网之间的充放电协调作为脱碳工具和辅助服务的提供者越来越受到关注。在电动汽车应用中，聚合器充当电网和车辆之间的智能中介。近年来，研究人员通过改进技术和综合能源规划，引入了集中能源管理、集中-分散规划、理想充放电等概念。这些方法具有根据负荷、聚合器控制的最佳充放电、需求管理系统、战略负荷评估和管理来适应配电网的技术能力。一项全面的审查表明，用于受控充放电的大规模电动汽车充电技术正在成为电网和配电网络中的一个陷阱。本文回顾了与系统性能相关的几个受控充放电问题，例如过载、电能质量恶化和功率损耗。因此，它突出了一种多级分级控制充放电形式的新方法。还从聚合者的角度讨论了电动汽车应用面临的挑战和问题。