Diets enriched in sucrose severely impair metabolic regulation and are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 4 weeks high-sucrose diet (HSD) feeding in C57BL6/J mice, with specific focus on adipocyte function. Mice fed HSD had slightly increased adipose tissue mass but displayed similar hepatic triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels, and glucose clearance capacity as chow-fed mice. Interestingly, we found adipose depot-specific differences, where both the non- and insulin-stimulated glucose transports were markedly impaired in primary adipocytes isolated from the inguinal fat depot from HSD-fed mice. This was accompanied by decreased protein levels of both GLUT4 and AS160. A similar but much less pronounced trend was observed in the retroperitoneal depot. In contrast, both GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were preserved in adipocytes isolated from epididymal adipose tissue with HSD. Further, we found a slight shift in cell size distribution towards larger cells with HSD and a significant decrease of ACC and PGC-1α expression in the inguinal adipose tissue depot. Moreover, fructose alone was sufficient to decrease GLUT4 expression in cultured, mature adipocytes.

Altogether, we demonstrate that short-term HSD feeding has deleterious impact on insulin response and glucose transport in the inguinal adipose tissue depot, specifically. These changes occur before the onset of systemic glucose dysmetabolism and therefore could provide a mechanistic link to overall impaired energy metabolism reported after prolonged HSD feeding, alone or in combination with HFD.

富含蔗糖的饮食会严重损害代谢调节，并与肥胖，胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖耐量异常有关。在当前的研究中，我们调查了在C57BL6 / J小鼠中喂养4周高蔗糖饮食（HSD）的效果，特别关注脂肪细胞功能。喂食HSD的小鼠脂肪组织量略有增加，但与普通小鼠相比，显示出相似的肝甘油三酸酯，葡萄糖和胰岛素水平以及葡萄糖清除能力。有趣的是，我们发现了特定于脂肪库的差异，其中从HSD喂养的小鼠腹股沟脂肪库分离出的原代脂肪细胞中，非葡萄糖刺激和胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运均明显受损。这伴随着GLUT4和AS160的蛋白质水平降低。在腹膜后贮库中观察到类似但不明显的趋势。相反，从具有HSD的附睾脂肪组织分离的脂肪细胞中，GLUT4表达和胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取均得以保留。此外，我们发现腹股沟脂肪组织贮藏库中细胞大小分布向具有HSD的较大细胞略有转移，并且ACC和PGC-1α表达显着降低。此外，仅果糖足以降低培养的成熟脂肪细胞中GLUT4的表达。

总之，我们证明了短期HSD喂养对腹股沟脂肪组织贮藏库中的胰岛素反应和葡萄糖转运具有有害影响。这些变化发生在全身性葡萄糖代谢异常发作之前，因此可以为长期或单独与HFD联合进食HSD后报告的总体能量代谢受损提供机理联系。