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Delineation of a Human Mendelian Disorder of the DNA Demethylation Machinery: TET3 Deficiency.
American Journal of Human Genetics ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.007
David B Beck 1 , Ana Petracovici 2 , Chongsheng He 3 , Hannah W Moore 4 , Raymond J Louie 4 , Muhammad Ansar 5 , Sofia Douzgou 6 , Sivagamy Sithambaram 7 , Trudie Cottrell 7 , Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez 8 , Eloise J Prijoles 4 , Renee Bend 4 , Boris Keren 9 , Cyril Mignot 10 , Marie-Christine Nougues 11 , Katrin Õunap 12 , Tiia Reimand 13 , Sander Pajusalu 14 , Muhammad Zahid 5 , Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib 15 , Julien Buratti 9 , Eleanor G Seaby 16 , Kirsty McWalter 17 , Aida Telegrafi 17 , Dustin Baldridge 18 , Marwan Shinawi 18 , Suzanne M Leal 19 , G Bradley Schaefer 20 , Roger E Stevenson 4 , Siddharth Banka 6 , Roberto Bonasio 21 , Jill A Fahrner 22
Affiliation  

Germline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatric developmental disorders. These enzymes catalyze reactions that regulate epigenetic inheritance via histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine [5mC]) of DNA is the quintessential epigenetic mark, yet no human Mendelian disorder of DNA demethylation has yet been delineated. Here, we describe in detail a Mendelian disorder caused by the disruption of DNA demethylation. TET3 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that initiates DNA demethylation during early zygote formation, embryogenesis, and neuronal differentiation and is intolerant to haploinsufficiency in mice and humans. We identify and characterize 11 cases of human TET3 deficiency in eight families with the common phenotypic features of intellectual disability and/or global developmental delay; hypotonia; autistic traits; movement disorders; growth abnormalities; and facial dysmorphism. Mono-allelic frameshift and nonsense variants in TET3 occur throughout the coding region. Mono-allelic and bi-allelic missense variants localize to conserved residues; all but one such variant occur within the catalytic domain, and most display hypomorphic function in an assay of catalytic activity. TET3 deficiency and other Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery show substantial phenotypic overlap, including features of intellectual disability and abnormal growth, underscoring shared disease mechanisms.

中文翻译:

DNA脱甲基机制的人类孟德尔紊乱的描述:TET3缺乏症。

染色质修饰酶的生殖系致病变异是小儿发育障碍的常见原因。这些酶通过组蛋白翻译后修饰和DNA甲基化催化调节表观遗传的反应。DNA的胞嘧啶甲基化(5-methylcytosine [5mC])是典型的表观遗传标记,但尚未描述人类的孟德尔DNA脱甲基紊乱。在这里,我们详细描述了由DNA去甲基化的破坏引起的孟德尔疾病。TET3是一种甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶,可在合子早期形成,胚胎发生和神经元分化过程中启动DNA脱甲基作用,并且不耐小鼠和人类的单倍体功能不足。我们鉴定并表征了八个家庭中具有智力残疾和/或全球发育迟缓的常见表型特征的11例人类TET3缺乏症;肌张力减退; 自闭症特征; 运动障碍 生长异常;和面部畸形。TET3中的单等位基因移码和无意义变体在整个编码区域内发生。单等位基因和双等位基因错义变体定位于保守残基;除一个这样的变体外,所有变体都发生在催化域内,并且大多数在催化活性测定中显示出亚型功能。TET3缺乏症和其他表观遗传机制的孟德尔疾病表现出明显的表型重叠,包括智力残疾和异常生长的特征,强调了共有的疾病机制。自闭症特征; 运动障碍 生长异常;和面部畸形。TET3中的单等位基因移码和无意义变体在整个编码区域内发生。单等位基因和双等位基因错义变体定位于保守残基;除一个这样的变体外,所有变体都发生在催化域内,并且大多数在催化活性测定中显示出亚型功能。TET3缺乏症和其他孟德尔式的表观遗传机制表现出明显的表型重叠,包括智力残疾和异常生长的特征,强调了共有的疾病机制。自闭症特征; 运动障碍 生长异常;和面部畸形。TET3中的单等位基因移码和无意义变体在整个编码区域内发生。单等位基因和双等位基因错义变体定位于保守残基;除一个这样的变异体外,所有变异体都在催化域内发生,并且大多数在催化活性测定中显示出亚型功能。TET3缺乏症和其他表观遗传机制的孟德尔疾病表现出明显的表型重叠,包括智力残疾和异常生长的特征,强调了共有的疾病机制。除一个这样的变体外,所有变体都发生在催化域内,并且大多数在催化活性测定中显示出亚型功能。TET3缺乏症和其他表观遗传机制的孟德尔疾病表现出明显的表型重叠,包括智力残疾和异常生长的特征,强调了共有的疾病机制。除一个这样的变体外,所有变体都发生在催化域内,并且大多数在催化活性测定中显示出亚型功能。TET3缺乏症和其他表观遗传机制的孟德尔疾病表现出明显的表型重叠,包括智力残疾和异常生长的特征,强调了共有的疾病机制。
更新日期:2020-01-09
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