The disposal of oil palm biomass is a huge challenge in Malaysian oil palm plantations. The aim of this study was to develop efficient solid-state cultivated (SSC) ligno-hemicellulolytic bio-degrader formulations of indigenous white-rot hymenomycetes (Trametes lactinea FBW and Pycnoporus sanguineus FBR) utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), rubber wood sawdust (SD) and vermiculite (V) either alone or in combination as substrates. Based on significant laccase (849.40 U mg-1 protein), xylanase (42.26 U g-1 protein) and amylase (157.49 U g-1 protein) production, SD+V (T5) and V (T3) were the optimum substrates for SSC of T. lactinea FBW. Whereas, utilizing EFB (T1) substrate for SSC of P. sanguineus FBR enhanced the production of MnP (42.51 U mg-1 protein), LiP (103.20 U mg-1 protein) and CMCase (34.39 U g-1 protein), enzymes. Apparently, this is the first study reporting on the protein profiles by T. lactinea FBW, producing two isoforms of un-purified laccase (~55 and 70 kDa) and MnP (~40 and 60 kDa) and a CMCase band (~60 kDa) during SSC on SD+V (T5) substrate. Interestingly, this is also the first report to document a single isoform of un-purified laccase (~50 kDa), MnP (~45 kDa), CMCase (~60 kDa) and xylanase (~55 kDa) by P. sanguineus FBR during SSC on empty fruit bunches substrate. The computed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Biplot analysis elucidated the relationship between the solid substrate compositions, the hymenomycete strain, ligno-hemicellulolytic enzyme profiles, and cultivation time. Therefore, it is suggested to use PCA as a tool for multivariate analysis method for comprehensive selection and optimization of ligno-hemicellulolytic enzyme cocktails by the indigenous white rot hymenomycetes. These non-toxic (acute oral toxicity) formulations are safe to be used in field applications to efficiently degrade oil palm trunks and root mass that had been felled, chipped or pulverized under zero burning waste management program. This study could also serve as an alternative method for efficient utilization of agro-industrial waste as substrates for the development of cost-effective bio-degraders formulations for agro-waste management.

中文翻译：

---

利用农用工业废料进行固态栽培的本地白腐腐菌对木质素半纤维素分解酶的优化综合研究。

在马来西亚的油棕种植园中，油棕生物量的处置是一个巨大的挑战。这项研究的目的是开发利用油棕空果束（EFB），橡胶木对本地白腐菌（Trametes lactinea FBW和Pycnoporus sanguineus FBR）进行有效的固态栽培（SSC）木质素半纤维素分解生物降解剂。锯末（SD）和ver石（V）单独或组合使用作为基质。基于显着的漆酶（849.40 U mg-1蛋白），木聚糖酶（42.26 U g-1蛋白）和淀粉酶（157.49 U g-1蛋白）的产生，SD + V（T5）和V（T3）是最佳的底物乳酸乳杆菌FBW的SSC。鉴于，利用EFB（T1）底物用于血红假单胞菌FBR的SSC可提高MnP（42.51 U mg-1蛋白质），LiP（103.20 U mg-1蛋白质）和CMCase（34.39 U g-1蛋白质），酶的产生。 。显然，这是第一篇关于乳杆菌FBW蛋白质谱的报告，在生产过程中产生了两种未纯化的漆酶（〜55和70 kDa）和MnP（〜40和60 kDa）和CMCase带（〜60 kDa）的同工型。 SD + V（T5）基板上的SSC。有趣的是，这也是第一份报告，证明血红假单胞菌FBR在未纯化的漆酶（〜50 kDa），MnP（〜45 kDa），CMCase（〜60 kDa）和木聚糖酶（〜55 kDa）的单一同工型下空果串基质上的SSC。所计算的主成分分析（PCA）Biplot分析阐明了固体底物组成，同功菌菌株，木质素-半纤维素分解酶谱和培养时间之间的关系。因此，建议使用PCA作为多变量分析方法的工具，以通过本地白腐菌丝菌种全面选择和优化木质素-半纤维素分解酶混合物。这些无毒（急性口服毒性）配方可安全用于野外应用，以有效降解在零燃烧废物管理计划下被砍伐，切碎或粉碎的油棕树干和根部质量。这项研究还可以作为有效利用农业工业废物作为替代物的替代方法，以开发具有成本效益的生物降解剂配方，用于农业废物管理。在零燃烧废物管理计划下被粉碎或粉碎。这项研究还可以作为有效利用农业工业废物作为替代物的替代方法，以开发具有成本效益的生物降解剂配方，用于农业废物管理。在零燃烧废物管理计划下被粉碎或粉碎。这项研究还可以作为有效利用农业工业废物作为替代物的替代方法，以开发具有成本效益的生物降解剂配方，用于农业废物管理。