In this work, we model and simulate the shape evolution of critically charged droplets, from the initial spherical shape to the charge emission and back to the spherical shape. The shape deformation is described using the viscous correction for viscous potential flow model, which is a potential flow approximation of the Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible Newtonian fluids. The simulated shapes are compared to snapshots of experimentally observed drop deformations. We highlight the influence of the dimensionless viscosity and charge carrier mobility of the liquid on the shape evolution of droplets and discuss the observed trends. We give an explanation as to why the observed deformation pathways of positively and negatively charged pure water droplets differ and give a hint as to why negatively charged water droplets emit more charge during charge breakup than positively charged ones.

中文翻译：

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粘度和电荷迁移率对临界带电液滴的形状变形的影响。

在这项工作中，我们对临界带电液滴的形状演变进行建模和仿真，从初始球形到电荷发射再回到球形。使用粘性势流模型的粘性校正描述形状变形，粘性势流模型是不可压缩牛顿流体的Navier-Stokes方程的势流近似值。将模拟的形状与实验观察到的液滴变形的快照进行比较。我们重点介绍了无量纲粘度和液体的电荷载流子迁移率对液滴形状演变的影响，并讨论了观察到的趋势。