Cancer immunotherapy, due to its high anti-tumor efficacy, has attracted considerable attention globally from experts in various fields. However, immunotherapy could be severely toxic; not all patients may respond, thus requiring combination therapy. Therefore, a reasonable selection strategy for early treatment is urgently needed. It is vital to capture the dynamic, heterogeneous, and complex tumor behavior considering the absence of ideal companion biomarkers. Since tumor immune response involves tumor cells, several other cell types, and molecules in the tumor microenvironment, detection is very complex and variable. However, molecular imaging technology, namely the non-invasive whole-body molecular imaging by positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography, has shown considerable promise in tumor detection and cancer immunotherapy response. Identification of potential novel imaging biomarkers will allow a personalized treatment plan for every patient. Future imaging strategies for these molecules used alone or in combination or continuously, might help stratify patients before or during the early stages of immunotherapy, and might address the immunotherapy challenges encountered by the oncologists.

中文翻译：

---

分子成像技术在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用。

癌症免疫疗法由于其高抗肿瘤功效，已引起全球各个领域专家的广泛关注。但是，免疫疗法可能具有严重毒性。并非所有患者都可能有反应，因此需要联合治疗。因此，迫切需要一种合理的早期治疗选择策略。考虑到缺乏理想的伴侣生物标记，捕获动态，异质和复杂的肿瘤行为至关重要。由于肿瘤免疫应答涉及肿瘤细胞，其他几种细胞类型以及肿瘤微环境中的分子，因此检测非常复杂且易变。然而，分子成像技术，即通过正电子发射断层扫描和单光子发射计算机断层扫描的无创全身分子成像，在肿瘤检测和癌症免疫治疗反应中显示出可观的前景。潜在的新型成像生物标志物的鉴定将为每个患者提供个性化的治疗计划。这些分子单独或组合或连续使用的未来成像策略，可能有助于在免疫治疗的早期或早期对患者进行分层，并可能解决肿瘤学家所遇到的免疫治疗挑战。