Primates develop slowly relative to their body size, a pattern posited to result from ecological risk aversion. Little is known, however, about how energy balance contributes to allostatic load in juveniles. Using data collected over 8 consecutive months, we examined variation in energy balance (as measured by urinary C-peptide) and how energy balance, life history status, and social competition related to allostatic load (as measured by deviation from baseline fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, dfGCs) in 41 wild juvenile blue monkeys from 3 social groups. Juvenile energy balance was higher among females, older juveniles, when ripe fruit was more available, and when rainfall was lower. Energy balance, but not life history or competitive environments, predicted dfGC concentrations, such that juveniles generally had lower mean dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. An additional exploratory analysis of how dfGCs relate to social strategies revealed that subjects had lower dfGCs when they groomed less, and played more. Time spent grooming interacted with energy balance in predicting dfGC concentrations, so that individuals that groomed more actually had higher dfGCs when they had higher energy balance. Together these results reveal that energetic deficiencies are a true ecological risk factor in blue monkeys, and suggest that navigating the social environment via overt affiliative behavior is potentially both a stress-relieving and stress-inducing endeavor during development.

中文翻译：

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能量平衡而不是竞争性环境与旧大陆猴在发育过程中的同恒负荷相对应。

灵长类动物相对于它们的体型发育缓慢，这是生态风险规避导致的模式。然而，关于能量平衡如何促进青少年的静态负荷知之甚少。使用连续8个月收集的数据，我们检查了能量平衡的变化（通过尿C肽测量），以及能量平衡，生活史状态和社会竞争如何与恒流负荷相关（通过与基线粪便糖皮质激素代谢物的偏差测量， dfGCs）来自3个社会群体的41只野生蓝猴。当成熟果实较多且降雨较少时，雌性，年长的青少年中的能量平衡较高。能量平衡，而不是生活史或竞争环境，预测的dfGC浓度，这样，当青少年的能量平衡较高时，他们的平均dfGC就会较低。关于dfGC与社会策略的关系的另一项探索性分析显示，受试者在修饰较少并玩得更多时，其dfGC较低。在预测dfGC浓度时，花费的时间与能量平衡相互作用，因此，修饰程度更高的人在能量平衡较高的情况下实际上拥有较高的dfGC。这些结果共同表明，精力充沛的缺陷是蓝猴中的真正生态风险因素，并表明通过公开的联谊行为在社交环境中导航可能既减轻压力又促进压力。关于dfGC与社会策略的关系的另一项探索性分析显示，受试者在修饰较少并玩得更多时，其dfGC较低。在预测dfGC浓度时，花费的时间与能量平衡相互作用，因此，修饰程度更高的人在能量平衡较高的情况下实际上拥有较高的dfGC。这些结果共同表明，精力充沛的缺陷是蓝猴中的真正生态风险因素，并表明通过公开的联谊行为在社交环境中导航可能既减轻压力又促进压力。关于dfGC与社会策略的关系的另一项探索性分析显示，受试者在修饰较少并玩得更多时，其dfGC较低。在预测dfGC浓度时，花费的时间与能量平衡相互作用，因此，修饰程度更高的人在能量平衡较高的情况下实际上拥有较高的dfGC。这些结果共同表明，精力充沛的缺陷是蓝猴中的真正生态风险因素，并表明通过公开的联谊行为在社交环境中导航可能既减轻压力又促进压力。