The development of bilirubin adsorbent with high selectivity, brilliant adsorption ability, and biocompatibility is still a considerable challenge. In this study, a copolymer-templated nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (CTNC) has been prepared via a simple carbonization procedure of well-defined polyacrylonitrile-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PAN-b-PBA) block copolymer precursors. The structure and morphology were characterized by transmission electron microsphere (TEM), adsorption–desorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Owing to its high specific area, hierarchical open-porous structure, and the introduction of nitrogen atoms in graphitic sp² network, the adsorbent CTNC exhibited high removal efficiency toward bilirubin and bile acid from human plasma. The removal rate of bilirubin was more than 50.7% with a minimal loss of albumin. Meanwhile, exceeding 95% of bile acid was eliminated. The effect of albumin on the adsorption kinetic of bilirubin was identified. The result indicated that the adsorption rate of BSA-bonded bilirubin experienced a decline than that of free bilirubin, but the adsorption capacity was still up to 39.8 mg/g within 2 h. Moreover, the effect of porosity and nitrogen contents on bilirubin adsorption ability and blood compatibility were systematically investigated. The material with lower nitrogen content showed only a negligible hemolysis activity. Therefore, the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon developed in this work has potential application in blood purification for the efficient removal of bilirubin.

中文翻译：

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用于高效去除血液灌流中胆红素的氮掺杂介孔碳的制备

开发具有高选择性、出色的吸附能力和生物相容性的胆红素吸附剂仍然是一个相当大的挑战。在这项研究中，通过定义明确的聚丙烯腈嵌段聚（丙烯酸正丁酯）（PAN - b -PBA）嵌段共聚物前体的简单碳化过程制备了共聚物模板化的氮掺杂介孔碳（CTNC） 。通过透射电子微球（TEM）、吸附-解吸等温线和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对其结构和形貌进行了表征。由于其高比面积、分级开孔结构以及在石墨 sp ^{2中引入氮原子}网络中，吸附剂 CTNC 对人血浆中的胆红素和胆汁酸表现出较高的去除效率。胆红素去除率超过50.7%，白蛋白损失极小。同时，超过95%的胆汁酸被排除。确定了白蛋白对胆红素吸附动力学的影响。结果表明，BSA结合胆红素的吸附率较游离胆红素有所下降，但2 h内吸附量仍高达39.8 mg/g。此外，系统地研究了孔隙率和氮含量对胆红素吸附能力和血液相容性的影响。具有较低氮含量的材料仅表现出可忽略不计的溶血活性。所以，