Abstract Although ecosystem degradation is often caused by existing slopes vegetated with commercial species, limited data are available for implementing practical approaches for nature restoration by transplanting native species to those vegetated slopes. Existing vegetated slopes are characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the habitat environment and competition with existing vegetation, which affect the behaviors of transplanted native species. In this study, we examined the factors affecting the survival, growth, verticillation, and flowering of Lilium pensylvanicum, a native coastal-meadow species transplanted to a vegetated road slope in Hokkaido, Japan. In the fourth year after transplantation, the number of surviving plantlets was 364 (57% of 640 transplanted plantlets) and the number of plantlets that shifted to verticillate leaves was 181 (50% of the survivors). The flowering plantlets accounted for 9% (n = 34) of the survivors. The generalized linear model showed that plantlet survival is strongly promoted by a larger bulb scale, that is, nutrient reserves. Furthermore, the survival ratio was greatly improved in the drought-prone, stressful habitats with low vegetation coverage, even for plantlets with relatively smaller bulb scales. However, in the moist habitat with high coverage, the survival ratio was greatly decreased regardless of the bulb scale size. Growth, verticillation, and flowering were facilitated by higher soil nutrient availability, such as a lower C/N ratio and thicker soil layer. Therefore, transplanting of native species to vegetated slopes requires the selection of stress-tolerant species with large nutrient reserves and identification of optimal habitats for transplanting, namely stressful environments with reduced vegetation coverage.

中文翻译：

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将本地物种移植到现有植被斜坡：最佳栖息地和初始营养储备的重要性

摘要 虽然生态系统退化通常是由现有的种植有商业物种的斜坡造成的，但可用于通过将本地物种移植到这些植被斜坡来实施自然恢复的实用方法的数据有限。现有植被斜坡的特点是栖息环境的空间异质性和与现有植被的竞争，这会影响移植的本地物种的行为。在这项研究中，我们研究了影响百合的存活、生长、轮生和开花的因素，百合是一种移植到日本北海道植被道路斜坡的本地沿海草甸物种。在移植后的第四年，存活植株数为 364（640 株移植植株的 57%），转移为轮生叶的植株数为 181（存活植株的 50%）。开花植株占存活者的 9% (n = 34)。广义线性模型表明，较大的鳞茎规模，即养分储备，强烈促进了植株的存活。此外，在易受干旱、压力大、植被覆盖率低的栖息地，即使是鳞茎鳞茎相对较小的植株，存活率也大大提高。然而，在高覆盖度的潮湿栖息地，无论鳞茎大小如何，成活率都大大降低。土壤养分利用率较高，如较低的 C/N 比和较厚的土层，促进了生长、轮生和开花。所以，