In the present paper, mechanical and thermal properties of rapidly manufactured copper parts were studied. The combination of three-dimensional printing and ultrasonic assisted pressureless sintering was used to fabricate copper parts. First, the ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity were compared between ultrasonic assisted and conventional pressureless sintered samples. The homogenously mixing of particles and local heat generation by ultrasonic vibrations promoted the sintering driving process and resulted in better mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, response surface methodology was adopted for the comprehensive study of the ultrasonic sintering parameters (sintering temperature, heating rate, and soaking time with ultrasonic vibrations) on ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the fabricated sample. Analysis of variance was performed to identify the significant factors and interactions. The image processing method was used to identify the surface porosity at different parameter levels to analyse the experimental results. High ultimate tensile strength was obtained at high sintering temperature, long soaking time, and slow heating rate with low surface porosity. After 60 min of soaking time, no significant effect was observed on the thermal conductivity of the fabricated sample. The significant interactions revealed less effect of soaking time at low sintering temperatures for ultimate tensile strength and less effect of heating rate at low sintering temperatures for thermal conductivity. Multi-objective optimization was carried out to identify parameters for maximum ultimate tensile strength and maximum thermal conductivity.

中文翻译：

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快速制造铜零件的机械和热性能的实验研究

在本文中，研究了快速制造的铜零件的机械和热性能。采用三维打印和超声波辅助无压烧结相结合的方法制造铜件。首先，比较了超声辅助和常规无压烧结样品的极限拉伸强度和热导率。颗粒的均匀混合和超声波振动产生的局部热量促进了烧结驱动过程，并产生了更好的机械和热性能。此外，采用响应面法综合研究了超声烧结参数（烧结温度、加热速率和超声振动浸泡时间）对制备样品的极限抗拉强度和热导率的影响。进行方差分析以确定重要因素和相互作用。采用图像处理方法识别不同参数水平下的表面孔隙度，对实验结果进行分析。在高烧结温度、长保温时间和低表面孔隙率的缓慢加热速率下获得高极限拉伸强度。浸泡 60 分钟后，未观察到对制造样品的热导率产生显着影响。显着的相互作用表明，在低烧结温度下保温时间对极限拉伸强度的影响较小，在低烧结温度下加热速率对热导率的影响较小。进行多目标优化以确定最大极限拉伸强度和最大热导率的参数。