Nanoparticles may be used in vaccinology as an antigen delivery and/or an immunostimulant to enhance immunity. Porous silica has been identified as an effective adjuvant for more than a decade, and we have therefore investigated the take up rate by an immortalized macrophage-like cell line of a number of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with differing diameter and pore size. The MSNPs were synthesized using a sol-gel reaction and post-synthesis removal of the template. The MSNPs showed a clear distribution in take up rate peaking at 217 nm, whereas a comparison with solid spherical nanoparticles showed a similar distribution peaking at 377 nm. The MSNPs were investigated before and after loading with antigen. Diphtheria toxoid was used as a proof-of-concept antigen and showed a peak macrophage internalization of 53.42% for loaded LP3 particles which had a diameter of 217.75 ± 5.44 nm and large 16.5 nm pores. Optimal MSNP sizes appeared to be in the 200-400 nm range, and larger pores showed better antigen loading. The mesoporous silica particles were shown to be generally biocompatible, and cell viability was not altered by the loading of particles with or without antigen. Graphical abstract.

中文翻译：

---

巨噬细胞样 THP-1 细胞显示出有效摄取携带灭活白喉类毒素的二氧化硅纳米粒子用于疫苗接种。

纳米颗粒可在疫苗学中用作抗原递送和/或免疫刺激剂以增强免疫力。十多年来，多孔二氧化硅已被确定为一种有效的佐剂，因此我们研究了永生化巨噬细胞样细胞系对许多具有不同直径和孔径的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子 (MSNP) 的吸收率。使用溶胶-凝胶反应和合成后去除模板来合成 MSNP。MSNPs 的吸收率分布清晰，峰值在 217 nm，而与固体球形纳米颗粒的比较显示出相似的分布，峰值在 377 nm。在加载抗原之前和之后研究 MSNP。白喉类毒素被用作概念验证抗原，其巨噬细胞内化峰值为 53。对于直径为 217.75 ± 5.44 nm 和 16.5 nm 大孔的负载 LP3 颗粒，为 42%。最佳 MSNP 大小似乎在 200-400 nm 范围内，较大的孔显示更好的抗原负载。介孔二氧化硅颗粒显示出通常具有生物相容性，并且细胞活力不会因负载有或没有抗原的颗粒而改变。图形概要。