This paper describes the preparation and characterization of MgO and ZnO-based catalysts, pure and mixed in different proportions, supported on γ-Al₂O₃. Their catalytic performance was studied in the transesterification of soybean oil and castor oil with methanol and butanol, attempting to produce biodiesel. XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM–EDS (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), CO₂-adsorption and N₂-adsorption allowed characterizing the prepared catalysts. The characterization results were in all cases consistent with mesoporous solids with high specific surface area. All the catalysts exhibited good results, especially in the transesterification of castor oil using butanol. For this reaction, the reuse was tested, maintaining high FABE (fatty acid butyl esters) yields after four cycles. This good performance can be attributed to the basic properties of the Mg species, and simultaneously, to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, which allow both triglycerides and free fatty acids to be converted into esters. Using these catalysts, it is possible to obtain second-generation biodiesel, employing castor oil, a raw material that does not compete with the food industry. In addition, butanol can be produced from renewable biomass.

中文翻译：

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使用Zn / Mg氧化物种作为活性，选择性和可重复使用的非均相催化剂的生物柴油生产的可持续过程

本文描述了基于ZnO的MgO和催化剂，纯的和混合比例不同，负载在γ-Al的制备和表征₂ ö ₃。在大豆油和蓖麻油与甲醇和丁醇的酯交换反应中研究了它们的催化性能，试图生产生物柴油。XRD（X射线衍射），SEM-EDS（扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱），CO ₂吸附和N ₂-吸附允许表征所制备的催化剂。在所有情况下，表征结果均与具有高比表面积的中孔固体一致。所有催化剂均显示出良好的结果，特别是在使用丁醇进行的蓖麻油的酯交换反应中。对于该反应，测试了再利用，在四个循环后保持了较高的FABE（脂肪酸丁酯）收率。这种良好的性能可以归因于Mg物种的基本特性，同时归因于ZnO的两性特性，它可以使甘油三酸酯和游离脂肪酸都转化为酯。使用这些催化剂，可以使用蓖麻油获得第二代生物柴油，该蓖麻油是不与食品工业竞争的原料。此外，丁醇可以由可再生生物质生产。