BACKGROUND Response inhibition can be classified into stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition based on the degree of endogenous volition involved. In the past decades, abundant research efforts to study the effects of alcohol on inhibition have focused exclusively on stimulus-driven inhibition. The novel Chasing Memo task measures stimulus-driven and intentional inhibition within the same paradigm. Combined with the stop-signal task, we investigated how alcohol use affects behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of intentional inhibition, as well as stimulus-driven inhibition. METHODS Experiment I focused on intentional inhibition and stimulus-driven inhibition in relation to past-year alcohol use. The Chasing Memo task, the stop-signal task, and questionnaires related to substance use and impulsivity were administered to 60 undergraduate students (18-25 years old). Experiment II focused on behavioral and neural correlates acute alcohol use on performance on the Chasing Memo task by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Sixteen young male adults (21-28 years old) performed the Chasing Memo task once under placebo and once under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol concentration around 0.05%), while EEG was recorded. RESULTS In experiment I, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) total score did not significantly predict stimulus-driven inhibition or intentional inhibition performance. In experiment II, the placebo condition and the alcohol condition were comparable in terms of behavioral indices of stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition as well as task-related EEG patterns. Interestingly, a slow negative readiness potential (RP) was observed with an onset of about 1.2 s, exclusively before participants stopped intentionally. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both past-year increases in risky alcohol consumption and moderate acute alcohol use have limited effects on stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition. These conclusions cannot be generalized to alcohol use disorder and high intoxication levels. The RP might reflect processes involved in the formation of an intention in general.

中文翻译：

---

喝一两杯啤酒后“免费”：酒精对故意抑制的神经和行为指标的慢性和急性影响。

背景技术基于所涉及的内源性意志的程度，反应抑制可分为刺激驱动的抑制和故意抑制。在过去的几十年中，大量研究工作致力于研究酒精对抑制作用的影响，而这些研究完全集中在刺激驱动的抑制作用上。新颖的Chasing Memo任务在同一范例中测量了刺激驱动的和有意的抑制。结合停止信号任务，我们研究了饮酒如何影响故意抑制以及刺激驱动抑制的行为和心理生理相关性。方法实验一集中于与过去一年饮酒有关的故意抑制和刺激驱动抑制。Chasing Memo任务，停止信号任务，并向60名18-25岁的大学生发放了与毒品使用和冲动相关的问卷。实验二的重点是通过脑电图（EEG）将急性饮酒与行为和神经相关性与追逐备忘录任务的表现联系起来。16名年轻的男性成年人（21-28岁）曾经在安慰剂下和一次在酒精（血液中酒精浓度约为0.05％）的影响下完成了追赶备忘录任务，同时记录了脑电图。结果在实验I中，AUDIT（酒精使用障碍识别测试）总分并未显着预测刺激驱动的抑制或故意抑制的表现。在实验二中 安慰剂条件和酒精条件在刺激驱动的抑制和故意抑制的行为指标以及与任务相关的脑电图模式方面具有可比性。有趣的是，仅在参与者有意停止之前，观察到缓慢的负面准备就绪潜能（RP）出现约1.2 s。结论这些发现表明，过去一年危险饮酒量的增加和中度急性饮酒对刺激驱动的抑制和故意抑制的影响均有限。这些结论不能推广到饮酒障碍和高中毒水平。RP可能反映了总体上形成意图的过程。完全在参与者故意停止之前。结论这些发现表明，过去一年危险饮酒量的增加和中度急性饮酒对刺激驱动的抑制和故意抑制的影响均有限。这些结论不能推广到饮酒障碍和高中毒水平。RP可能反映了总体上形成意图的过程。完全在参与者故意停止之前。结论这些发现表明，过去一年危险饮酒量的增加和中度急性饮酒对刺激驱动的抑制和故意抑制的影响均有限。这些结论不能推广到饮酒障碍和高中毒水平。RP可能反映了总体上形成意图的过程。