The sp3 C-H alkylation of 9H-fluorene using alcohol and a Ru catalyst via the borrowing hydrogen concept has been described. This reaction was catalyzed by the [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 complex (3 mol %) and exhibited a broad reaction scope with different alcohols, allowing primary and secondary alcohols to be employed as nonhazardous and greener alkylating agents with the formation of environmentally benign water as a byproduct. A variety of 9H-fluorene underwent selective and exclusive mono-C9-alkylation with primary alcohols in good to excellent isolated yield (26 examples, 50-92% yield), whereas this reaction with secondary alcohols in the absence of any external oxidants furnished the tetrasubstituted alkene as the major product. Furthermore, a base-mediated C-H hydroxylation of the synthesized 9H-fluorene derivatives afforded 9H-hydroxy-functionalized quaternary fluorene derivatives in excellent yield.

中文翻译：

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使用醇的无配体Ru催化的芴直接sp3 CH烷基化。

已经描述了通过借用氢概念使用醇和Ru催化剂使9 H-芴的sp 3 CH烷基化。该反应被[Ru（对-cymene）Cl2] 2络合物（3 mol％）催化，并显示出与不同醇的广泛反应范围，使伯醇和仲醇可用作无害且绿色的烷基化剂，形成了副产品是对环境无害的水。各种9H-芴与伯醇的选择性和排他单C9-烷基化反应具有良好的分离效果（26例，产率为50-92％），而在没有任何外部氧化剂的情况下，与仲醇的反应提供了四取代烯烃为主要产物。此外，