Abstract A gigaporous carbon microsphere implanted with Si particles and encapsulated by a carbon nanoshell is proposed as an active material for anodes. This material has the advantage of being processable by the economical tape-casting method for electrode fabrication. Because the implanted Si is distributed in a three-dimensional carbon skeleton of the proposed structure, the anode made of this new composite shows excellent conductivity. In addition, the pores in the structure offer the benefit of absorbing the expanded volume of the Si particles during lithiation, which helps to prevent the Si-expansion-caused physical damage of the fabricated anode. The constructed battery shows good cell performance with a highly stable capacity of ∼3300 mAh g−1 and a good retention of ∼90% under a charge/discharge current of 420 mA g−1 for 100 cycles. The good cyclability is found to be correlated with excellent structural integrity and a lower increase in the resistance of the anode after long-term cycling. Moreover, a simple increase in the thickness of the anode is effective in providing a good areal mass loading with high areal capacity of 4–7 mAh cm−2, demonstrating that the anode-active material is practical for lithium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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碳包封的大孔微球作为潜在的锂离子电池硅负极活性材料

摘要 提出了一种植入硅颗粒并被碳纳米壳包裹的大孔碳微球作为负极活性材料。这种材料的优点是可以通过经济的流延法进行电极制造。由于注入的硅分布在所提出结构的三维碳骨架中，因此由这种新型复合材料制成的阳极显示出优异的导电性。此外，结构中的孔隙提供了在锂化过程中吸收硅颗粒膨胀体积的好处，这有助于防止硅膨胀引起的制造阳极的物理损坏。所构建的电池显示出良好的电池性能，具有约 3300 mAh g-1 的高度稳定容量和在 420 mA g-1 充放电电流下 100 次循环下保持约 90% 的良好保持率。发现良好的循环性与优异的结构完整性和长期循环后阳极电阻的较低增加相关。此外，阳极厚度的简单增加可有效提供良好的面积质量负载，具有 4-7 mAh cm-2 的高面积容量，表明阳极活性材料适用于锂离子电池。