We outline the progress on the hormonal basis of human paternal behavior during the past twenty years. Advances in understanding the roles of testosterone, prolactin, oxytocin and vasopressin in fathering behavior are described, along with recent research on hormonal interactions, such as those between testosterone and cortisol, and testosterone and the peptide hormones. In addition, we briefly describe the recent leaps forward in elucidating the neurobiological and neuroendocrine basis of fatherhood, made possible by fMRI technology. Emerging from this literature is a developing and complicated story about fatherhood, highlighting the need to further understand the interplay between behavior, physiology, social context, and individual genetic variation. Given the changing roles of parents in many societies, the continued growth of this research area will provide a strong empirical knowledge base about paternal behavior on which to create policies promoting fathers' involvement in their infants' lives.

中文翻译：

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爸爸：了解人类父亲行为的神经内分泌基础方面的进展。

我们概述了过去二十年来人类父性行为的荷尔蒙基础上的进步。描述了了解睾丸激素，催乳素，催产素和加压素在父亲行为中的作用的进展，以及有关激素相互作用的最新研究，例如睾丸激素和皮质醇之间的相互作用，以及睾丸激素和肽激素。此外，我们简要介绍了通过功能磁共振成像技术阐明父亲的神经生物学和神经内分泌基础方面的最新飞跃。从这些文献中可以得出一个关于父亲身份的不断发展和复杂的故事，强调需要进一步了解行为，生理学，社会背景和个体遗传变异之间的相互作用。鉴于许多社会中父母的角色不断变化，