Abstract In the present study, the effect of the use of heating and cooling generators along with cryogenic conductors on flow and heat transfer characteristics in a porous chamber are investigated. The finite volume method (FVM) is used to simulate the phenomena. Single-phase and two-phase models (Mixture model and Eulerian-Eulerian model) have been used to predict heat transfer. Water-Copper oxide nanofluid is assumed to be Newtonian, incompressible, and steady. Several cases have been investigated in order to evaluate the heat transfer rate and streamlines visualization accurately. Investigations include a change in the number of heating and cooling generators, a change in the size of the cryogenic conductors, and the use of porous components as an alternative to cryogenic conductors. The volume fraction is assumed to be constant in the whole simulation and is 3%. The Rayleigh and Darcy numbers ranges are 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107 and 10−2 ≤ Da ≤ 10−4, respectively. The Darcy-Forchheimer model is used for fluid flow and heat transfer in a porous medium. The results of this study are compared with the results of a regular enclosure that has been studied by many previous researchers. The findings show that the effect of using heating-cooling generators is favorable and that cryogenic conductors can also help to improve heat transfer. However, in some conditions using a regular porous enclosure yields better results. In addition, the difference in the results of single-phase and two-phase models depending on the operating conditions can be low or high. The goal is to achieve the highest heat transfer rate using the available tools. It is hoped that using the results of this research can be a useful guide to better understanding the phenomena and optimum and better designs.

中文翻译：

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在多孔外壳中的自然对流中优化具有多孔组件/低温导体的加热冷却发电机：使用不同的两相模型和单相模型以及使用不同的设计

摘要 在本研究中，研究了使用加热和冷却发电机以及低温导体对多孔室中的流动和传热特性的影响。有限体积法 (FVM) 用于模拟这种现象。单相和两相模型（混合物模型和欧拉-欧拉模型）已被用于预测传热。水-氧化铜纳米流体被假定为牛顿流体，不可压缩且稳定。为了准确评估传热率和流线可视化，已经研究了几个案例。调查包括加热和冷却发电机数量的变化、低温导体尺寸的变化以及使用多孔组件作为低温导体的替代品。在整个模拟中，体积分数假定为常数，为 3%。瑞利数和达西数范围分别为 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107 和 10−2 ≤ Da ≤ 10−4。Darcy-Forchheimer 模型用于多孔介质中的流体流动和传热。这项研究的结果与许多以前的研究人员研究过的常规围栏的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明，使用加热冷却发电机的效果是有利的，低温导体也有助于改善传热。但是，在某些情况下，使用常规多孔外壳会产生更好的结果。此外，单相和两相模型的结果取决于运行条件的差异可能很小或很大。目标是使用可用工具实现最高的传热率。