Facing increasingly severe environmental problems and substantial energy demand, chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) is regarded as a highly promising technique to facilitate the application of carbon capture storage and utilization (CCS & U) due to its inherent gas separation. Thus, feasible oxygen carriers for continuous operation on the industry scale are essential. A combination of Mn and Si, which is not only economic but also has few adverse effects on the environment, has been tested and found to provide satisfactory CLOU behavior. But the results are relevant for several oxygen carrier applications. However, the mechanical properties of these Mn-Si oxygen carriers require further improvement. Thus, two kinds of support materials are chosen in this study, CaO and Al2O3, to enhance the physical strength of the Mn-Si oxides. Twelve samples with a CaO content ranging from 2 wt% to 41 wt% and twelve samples with an Al2O3 content, ranging from 2 wt% and to 36 wt%, were produced using spray-drying at three sintering temperatures, 1100 °C, 1150 °C, and 1200 °C. The aim is to identify oxygen carriers, which exhibit high reactivity and strong mechanical properties. The oxygen release ability and gas-fuel conversion of these oxygen carriers are examined. In general, the particles with a lower content of support materials (≤5 wt%) calcined from lower temperatures (≤1150 °C) show better CLOU behavior and higher reactivity, regardless of the support material. Attrition resistance was assessed with surprisingly good results for an oxygen carrier with a low content of support materials (≤5 wt%). The material with 74% Mn 24% Si and 2% Al was further tested in a continuous 300 W. This was done to test the oxygen carrier capability under more conditions closer to a real circulating CLOU unit. In the 300 W unit the material release oxygen in inert atmosphere and converted up to 99.98%, of the syngas and 70% of the methane. However, under certain conditions with syngas as fuel the physical structure of the oxygen carriers were destroyed as the particles degraded to fines.

中文翻译：

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使用带有 CaO 或 Al2O3 的 Mn-Si 氧载体在具有氧解偶联 (CLOU) 的化学回路中转化甲烷和合成气

面对日益严峻的环境问题和大量的能源需求，氧解偶联化学回路（CLOU）由于其固有的气体分离特性，被认为是促进碳捕获储存和利用（CCS&U）应用的一种极具前景的技术。因此，在工业规模上连续运行的可行氧载体是必不可少的。Mn 和 Si 的组合不仅经济而且对环境几乎没有不利影响，已被测试并发现可提供令人满意的 CLOU 行为。但结果与几种氧载体应用相关。然而，这些Mn-Si氧载体的机械性能需要进一步改进。因此，本研究选择了两种载体材料 CaO 和 Al2O3，以提高 Mn-Si 氧化物的物理强度。使用喷雾干燥在三个烧结温度，1100 °C，1150 下生产了十二个 CaO 含量范围为 2 wt% 至 41 wt% 的样品和十二个 Al2O3 含量范围为 2 wt% 至 36 wt% 的样品°C 和 1200 °C。目的是确定具有高反应性和强机械性能的氧载体。研究了这些氧载体的氧释放能力和气体燃料转化率。通常，从较低温度（≤1150°C）煅烧的具有较低载体材料含量（≤5wt%）的颗粒显示出更好的 CLOU 行为和更高的反应性，而与载体材料无关。对于具有低含量载体材料（≤5wt%）的氧载体，对耐磨性进行了评估，结果出人意料地好。具有 74% Mn、24% Si 和 2% Al 的材料在连续 300 W 下进一步测试。这样做是为了在更接近真实循环 CLOU 装置的更多条件下测试氧载体能力。在 300 W 装置中，材料在惰性气氛中释放氧气并转化为高达 99.98% 的合成气和 70% 的甲烷。然而，在以合成气为燃料的某些条件下，氧载体的物理结构被破坏，因为颗粒降解为细粉。