The Mediterranean Basin is undergoing a warming trend with longer and warmer summers, an increase in the frequency and the severity of heat waves, changes in precipitation patterns and a reduction in rainfall amounts. In this unique populated region, which is characterized by significant gaps in the socio-economic levels particularly between the North (Europe) and South (Africa), parallel with population growth and migration, increased water demand and forest fires risk - the vulnerability of the Mediterranean population to human health risks increases significantly. Indeed, climatic changes impact the health of the Mediterranean population directly through extreme heat, drought or storms, or indirectly by changes in water availability, food provision and quality, air pollution and other stressors. The main health effects are related to extreme weather events (including extreme temperatures and floods), changes in the distribution of climate-sensitive diseases and changes in environmental and social conditions. The poorer countries, particularly in North Africa and the Levant, are at highest risk. Climate change affects the vulnerable sectors of the region, including an increasingly older population, with a larger percentage of those with chronic diseases, as well as poor people, which are therefore more susceptible to the effects of extreme temperatures. For those populations, a better surveillance and control systems are especially needed. In view of the climatic projections and the vulnerability of Mediterranean countries, climate change mitigation and adaptation become ever more imperative. It is important that prevention Health Action Plans will be implemented, particularly in those countries that currently have no prevention plans. Most adaptation measures are "win-win situation" from a health perspective, including reducing air pollution or providing shading solutions. Additionally, Mediterranean countries need to enhance cross-border collaboration, as adaptation to many of the health risks requires collaboration across borders and also across the different parts of the basin.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对地中海盆地人口公共卫生的影响-现状，预测，准备和适应。

地中海盆地正经历着一个变暖的趋势，夏季时间越来越长，热浪的频率和强度增加，降水模式的变化以及降水量的减少。在这个独特的人口稠密地区，其特点是社会经济水平存在巨大差距，特别是在北部（欧洲）和南部（非洲）之间，同时人口增长和移民，水需求增加和森林火灾的风险-脆弱性地中海人口对人类健康的危害大大增加。确实，气候变化直接通过极端高温，干旱或暴风雨，或通过水供应，食物供应和质量，空气污染和其他压力的变化间接影响地中海人口的健康。主要的健康影响与极端天气事件（包括极端温度和洪水），对气候敏感的疾病的分布变化以及环境和社会条件的变化有关。较贫穷的国家，特别是北非和黎凡特，处于最高的风险。气候变化影响到该地区的脆弱部门，包括日益老龄化的人口，其中患有慢性病的人以及穷人的比例更高，因此更容易受到极端温度的影响。对于这些人群，特别需要更好的监视和控制系统。鉴于气候预测和地中海国家的脆弱性，缓解和适应气候变化变得势在必行。重要的是要执行预防保健行动计划，特别是在那些目前没有预防计划的国家。从健康的角度来看，大多数适应措施都是“双赢局面”，包括减少空气污染或提供遮荫解决方案。此外，地中海国家需要加强跨境合作，因为要适应许多健康风险，就需要跨境以及流域不同地区的合作。