Kraepelinian theory posits that schizophrenia (SZ) is a degenerative disorder that worsens throughout the lifespan. Behavioral studies of cognition have since challenged that viewpoint, particularly in the early phases of illness. Nonetheless, the extent to which cognition remains functionally stable during the early course of illness is unclear, particularly with regard to task-associated connectivity in cognition-related brain networks. In this study, we examined the 1-year stability of the frontoparietal control network during the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) from a new baseline sample of 153 participants scanned at 3T, of which 29 recent onset individuals with SZ and 42 healthy control (HC) participants had follow-up data available for analysis. Among individuals that had both baseline and follow-up data, reduced functional connectivity in SZ was observed between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal cortex (SPC) during the high control (B cue) condition. Furthermore, this deficit was stable over time, as no significant time × diagnosis interaction or effects of time were observed and intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.6 in HCs and SZ. Previous 1.5T findings showing stable deficits with no evidence of degeneration in performance or DLPFC activation in an independent SZ sample were replicated. Overall, these results suggest that the neuronal circuitry supporting cognitive control is stably impaired during the early course of illness in SZ across multiple levels of analysis with no evidence of functional decline.

中文翻译：

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最近发作的精神分裂症的额前额叶认知控制网络连通性的一年稳定性：与任务相关的3T fMRI研究。

克莱佩林理论认为，精神分裂症（SZ）是一种退化性疾病，在整个生命周期中都会恶化。从那以后，认知行为研究就对这一观点提出了挑战，特别是在疾病的早期阶段。尽管如此，认知在功能上仍然保持的程度目前尚不清楚疾病早期是否稳定，尤其是与认知相关的大脑网络中与任务相关的连通性。在这项研究中，我们从3T扫描的153名参与者的新基线样本中检查了AX连续性表现任务（AX-CPT）期间额叶控制网络的1年稳定性，其中29名最近发作的SZ患者和42名健康对照（HC）参与者具有可用于分析的随访数据。在既有基线数据又有随访数据的个体中，在高对照（B cue）情况下，观察到背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）与上顶叶皮层（SPC）之间的SZ功能连接性降低。此外，这种赤字随着时间的推移是稳定的，因为在HCs和SZ中没有观察到明显的时间×诊断相互作用或时间影响，并且组内相关系数大于0.6。以前的1.5T结果显示出稳定的缺陷，没有证据表明在独立的SZ样品中性能下降或DLPFC活化。总体而言，这些结果表明，在多个级别的分析中，在SZ疾病早期阶段，支持认知控制的神经元电路稳定受损，而没有功能下降的证据。