Cryopreservation technology allows long-term banking of biological systems. However, a major challenge to cryopreserving organs remains in the rewarming of large volumes (>3 mL), where mechanical stress and ice formation during convective warming cause severe damage. Nanowarming technology presents a promising solution to rewarm organs rapidly and uniformly via inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) preloaded by perfusion into the organ vasculature. This use requires the IONPs to be produced at scale, heat quickly, be nontoxic, remain stable in cryoprotective agents (CPAs), and be washed out easily after nanowarming. Nanowarming of cells and blood vessels using a mesoporous silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle (msIONP) in VS55, a common CPA, has been previously demonstrated. However, production of msIONPs is a lengthy, multistep process and provides only mg Fe per batch. Here, a new microporous silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle (sIONP) that can be produced in as little as 1 d while scaling up to 1.4 g Fe per batch is presented. sIONP high heating, biocompatibility, and stability in VS55 is also verified, and the ability to perfusion load and washout sIONPs from a rat kidney as evidenced by advanced imaging and ICP-OES is demonstrated.

中文翻译：

---

可缩放的二氧化硅包覆的氧化铁纳米粒子的制备，用于纳米加温。

冷冻保存技术可以长期保存生物系统。然而，冷冻保存器官的主要挑战仍然在于重新加热大体积（> 3 mL）的温度，对流变暖期间的机械应力和结冰会造成严重损害。纳米温热技术提出了一种有前途的解决方案，可以通过感应加热通过灌注到器官脉管系统中的预加载的磁性纳米颗粒（IONP）来快速，均匀地重新武装器官。这种用途要求IONP能够大规模生产，快速加热，无毒，在冷冻保护剂（CPA）中保持稳定，并且在纳米加温后容易被洗掉。先前已证明在VS55（一种常见的CPA）中使用介孔二氧化硅涂层的氧化铁纳米粒子（msIONP）对细胞和血管进行纳米加热。但是，msIONP的生产很漫长，多步过程，每批次仅提供mg Fe。在这里，提出了一种新的微孔二氧化硅涂层的氧化铁纳米粒子（sIONP），它可以在短短1 d内生产，每批中的铁含量可达1.4 g。sIONP在VS55中具有很高的加热性，生物相容性和稳定性，并且通过先进的成像和ICP-OES证明了其从大鼠肾脏灌注负荷和洗脱sIONPs的能力。