The buccal route is considered patient friendly due to its non-invasive nature and ease of administration. Such delivery route has been used as an alternative for the delivery of drugs that undergo first-pass metabolism or are susceptible to pH and enzymatic degradation, such as occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the drug concentration absorbed in the buccal mucosa is often low to obtain an acceptable therapeutic effect, mainly due to the saliva turnover, tongue and masticatory movements, phonation, enzymatic degradation and lack of epithelium permeation. Therefore, the encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles is an important strategy to avoid such problems and improve their buccal delivery. Different materials from lipids to natural or synthetic polymers and others have been used to protect and deliver drugs in a sustained, controlled or targeted manner, and enhance their uptake through the buccal mucosa improving their bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. Overall, the main aim of this review is to perform an overview about the nanotechnological approaches developed so far to improve the buccal delivery of drugs. Herein, several types of nanoparticles and delivery strategies are addressed, and a special focus on pipeline products is also given.

中文翻译：

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用于颊部药物递送的纳米颗粒系统中的新颖和重新审视的方法。

颊途径由于其无创性和易于给药而被认为对患者友好。这种递送途径已被用作递送经历首过代谢或易受pH和酶促降解（例如在胃肠道中发生）的药物的替代方法。然而，在颊粘膜中吸收的药物浓度通常较低以获得满意的治疗效果，这主要是由于唾液周转，舌头和咀嚼运动，发声，酶促降解和缺乏上皮渗透。因此，将药物包封到纳米颗粒中是避免此类问题并改善其颊部递送的重要策略。从脂质到天然或合成聚合物以及其他材料，已经使用了不同的材料来保护和持续递送药物，控制或有针对性的方式，并通过颊粘膜增强其摄取，从而改善其生物利用度和治疗效果。总体而言，本综述的主要目的是对迄今为止开发的改善药物颊部递送的纳米技术方法进行概述。在此，提出了几种类型的纳米颗粒和递送策略，并且还特别关注管道产品。