Passive activation of endodontic irrigants provides improved canal disinfection, smear layer removal, and better subsequent sealing. Although evidence suggests that passive activating endodontic devices increase the effectiveness of irrigation, no study exists to quantitatively compare and validate vibrational characteristics and cavitation produced by different ultrasonic endodontic devices. The current study aims to compare the efficiency of various commercially available ultrasonic endodontic activating devices (i.e., EndoUltra™, EndoChuck, Irrisafe™, and PiezoFlow®). The passive endodontic activating devices were characterized in terms of tip displacement and cavitation performance using scanning laser vibrometry (SLV) and sonochemical analysis, respectively. The obtained results showed that activator tip displacements and speed correlate to established cavitation thresholds. The EndoUltra™ tip speed was measured to be 14.5 and 28.1 m/s at 45 and 91 kHz, respectively, which is greater than the threshold. The EndoUltra™ was found to be the only device that exceeds the cavitation thresholds (i.e. tip speed and displacement), as evident from laser vibrometry analysis, and subsequently yielded measurable cavitation quantified via sonochemical analysis. All other passive endodontic activation devices, despite ultrasonic oscillation, were unable to produce cavitation.

牙髓冲洗剂的被动激活提供了改进的根管消毒、涂抹层去除和更好的后续密封。尽管有证据表明被动激活牙髓装置可提高冲洗效果，但尚无研究来定量比较和验证不同超声牙髓装置产生的振动特性和空化。目前的研究旨在比较各种市售超声牙髓激活装置（即、EndoUltra™、EndoChuck、Irrisafe™ 和 PiezoFlow®）。被动牙髓激活装置分别使用扫描激光测振 (SLV) 和声化学分析在尖端位移和空化性能方面进行了表征。获得的结果表明，活化剂尖端位移和速度与建立的空化阈值相关。EndoUltra™ 尖端速度在 45 和 91 kHz 下测得分别为 14.5 和 28.1 m/s，高于阈值。EndoUltra™ 被发现是唯一超过空化阈值（即尖端速度和位移）的设备，从激光测振分析中可以看出，随后产生可测量的空化，通过声化学分析。尽管超声波振荡，所有其他被动牙髓激活装置都无法产生空化。