Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries based on graphite anodes are meeting their bottlenecks that are limited energy densities. In order to satisfy the large market demands of smaller and lighter rechargeable batteries, high-capacity metallic Li replacing low-specific-capacity graphite enables the higher energy density in next-generation rechargeable Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, Li metal anode has been suffering from dendritic problems, interfacial side reactions, volume change and low Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, performance enhancements of Li metal anodes are rather important to realize the high energy density characteristic of metallic Li. In this review, the annoying Li dendrite growth, unstable reaction interface and practical application issues of Li metal anodes are summarized and detailedly discussed to understand the current challenges concerning Li metal anodes. For overcoming such remaining challenges, the corresponding strategies and recent advances are covered and categorized. Finally, we discuss future opportunities and perspectives for developing high-performance Li metal anodes.

基于石墨阳极的商用锂离子（Li-ion）电池正遇到瓶颈，能量密度受到限制。为了满足更小，更轻的可再充电电池的巨大市场需求，高容量的金属锂代替低比容量的石墨可在下一代可再充电锂金属电池（LMB）中实现更高的能量密度。然而，锂金属阳极一直遭受树枝状问题，界面副反应，体积变化和库仑效率低的困扰。因此，提高锂金属阳极的性能对于实现金属锂的高能量密度特性非常重要。在这篇评论中，恼人的李树突生长，总结并详细讨论了锂金属阳极的不稳定反应界面和实际应用问题，以了解有关锂金属阳极的当前挑战。为了克服这些尚存的挑战，将对相应的策略和最新进展进行介绍和分类。最后，我们讨论了开发高性能锂金属阳极的未来机会和前景。