Specificity in signal transduction is determined by the ability of cells to "encode" and subsequently "decode" different environmental signals. Akin to computer software, this "signaling code" governs context-dependent execution of cellular programs through modulation of signaling dynamics and can be corrupted by disease-causing mutations. Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is critical for normal growth and development and is dysregulated in human disorders such as benign overgrowth syndromes, cancer, primary immune deficiency, and metabolic syndrome. Despite decades of PI3K research, understanding of context-dependent regulation of the PI3K pathway and of the underlying signaling code remains rudimentary. Here, we review current knowledge on context-specific PI3K signaling and how technological advances now make it possible to move from a qualitative to quantitative understanding of this pathway. Insight into how cellular PI3K signaling is encoded or decoded may open new avenues for rational pharmacological targeting of PI3K-associated diseases. The principles of PI3K context-dependent signal encoding and decoding described here are likely applicable to most, if not all, major cell signaling pathways.

中文翻译：

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破解上下文特定的 PI3K 信号代码。

信号转导的特异性取决于细胞“编码”和随后“解码”不同环境信号的能力。类似于计算机软件，这种“信号代码”通过调节信号动力学来控制细胞程序的上下文相关执行，并且可能被引起疾病的突变破坏。IA 类磷酸肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 信号传导对正常生长和发育至关重要，并且在良性过度生长综合征、癌症、原发性免疫缺陷和代谢综合征等人类疾病中失调。尽管对 PI3K 进行了数十年的研究，但对 PI3K 通路和潜在信号代码的上下文相关调节的理解仍然很初步。这里，我们回顾了当前关于特定环境的 PI3K 信号传导的知识，以及现在技术进步如何使对这一途径的定性理解转变为定量理解成为可能。深入了解细胞 PI3K 信号如何编码或解码可能会为 PI3K 相关疾病的合理药理学靶向开辟新途径。此处描述的 PI3K 上下文相关信号编码和解码的原理可能适用于大多数（如果不是全部）主要细胞信号通路。