The impact of habitual orange juice consumption on microbiota, lipid and sugar metabolism was investigated in a controlled clinical trial. The clinical procedure is as follows: ten women who had a regular diet without orange juice for 30 days (OJ-free diet), followed by a regular diet plus 300 ml d-1 orange juice for 60 days (OJ-Diet), and 30 days with a regular diet without orange juice (Washout). Biochemical and dietary parameters were monitored, and blood, urine and stool samples were collected every 30 days until the end of the study. Hesperidin and naringin metabolites in the urine were identified by UHPLC, and the microbiota composition of the feces was determined by 16S rRNA. At the end of the OJ-Diet, there was a reduction in glucose (-6.5%), insulin (-33%), insulin resistance (-44%), LDL-C (-16%) and triglycerides (-30%). After the washout, these parameters returned to their initial values. There were no changes in the body weight or fat during the experimental time. The intestinal bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia spp., and Ruminococcus spp., increased after the intervention with orange juice. In addition, an inverse correlation was detected between these bacteria and glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C, but a direct correlation with HDL-C. In conclusion, orange juice showed a prebiotic effect, modulating the intestinal microbiota while improving the glycemia and lipid profiles.

中文翻译：

---

橙汁对微生物群的调节及其对代谢生物标志物的影响：一项对照临床试验。

在对照临床试验中研究了习惯性橙汁消耗对微生物群，脂质和糖代谢的影响。临床程序如下：十名妇女，在不使用橙汁的情况下定期饮食30天（无OJ饮食），然后在常规饮食中加300 ml d-1橙汁60天（OJ-饮食），以及定期饮食且不含橙汁的30天（清洗）。监测生化和饮食参数，每30天收集一次血液，尿液和粪便样品，直到研究结束。通过UHPLC鉴定尿液中的橙皮苷和柚皮苷代谢物，并通过16S rRNA确定粪便中的微生物群组成。在OJ-Diet结束时，葡萄糖（-6.5％），胰岛素（-33％），胰岛素抵抗（-44％），LDL-C（-16％）和甘油三酸酯（-30％）降低）。冲洗后，这些参数返回其初始值。在实验期间，体重或脂肪没有变化。橙汁干预后，肠道细菌，乳酸杆菌属，阿克曼菌属和Ruminococcus菌增加。另外，在这些细菌与血糖，胰岛素，HOMA-IR，甘油三酸酯，总胆固醇和LDL-C之间检测到负相关，但与HDL-C直接相关。总之，橙汁具有益生元的作用，可调节肠道菌群，同时改善血糖和脂质分布。橙汁干预后增加。另外，在这些细菌与血糖，胰岛素，HOMA-IR，甘油三酸酯，总胆固醇和LDL-C之间检测到负相关，但与HDL-C直接相关。总之，橙汁具有益生元作用，可调节肠道微生物群，同时改善血糖和血脂水平。橙汁干预后增加。另外，在这些细菌与血糖，胰岛素，HOMA-IR，甘油三酸酯，总胆固醇和LDL-C之间检测到负相关，但与HDL-C直接相关。总之，橙汁显示出益生元的作用，可调节肠道菌群，同时改善血糖和脂质分布。