BACKGROUND Medication-related adverse events, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful events caused by medication. ADRs could have profound effects on the patients' quality of life, as well as creating an increased burden on the healthcare system. ADRs are one of the rising causes of morbidity and mortality internationally, and will continue to be a significant public health issue with the increased complexity in medication, to treat various diseases in an aging society. This scoping review aims to provide a detailed map of the most common adverse drug reactions experienced in primary healthcare setting, the drug classes that are most commonly associated with different levels/types of adverse drug reactions, causes of ADRs, their prevalence and consequences of experiencing ADRs. METHODS We systematically reviewed electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO and Scopus. In addition, the National Patient Safety Foundation Bibliography and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality and Patient Safety Net Bibliography were searched. Studies published from 1990 onwards until December 7, 2018 were included as the incidence of reporting drug reactions were not prevalent before 1990. We only include studies published in English. RESULTS The final search yielded a total of 19 citations for inclusion published over a 15-year period that primarily focused on investigating the different types of adverse drug reactions in primary healthcare. The most causes of adverse events were related to drug related and allergies. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions were not very commonly reported. The most common adverse drug reactions reported in the studies included in this review were those that are associated with the central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system. Several classes of medications were reported to be associated with adverse events. CONCLUSION This scoping review identified that the most causes of ADRs were drug related and due to allergies. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions were not very commonly reported in the literature. This is mainly because it is hard to predict and these reactions are not associated with drug doses or routes of administration. The most common ADRs reported in the studies included in this review were those that are associated with the central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system. Several classes of medications were reported to be associated with ADRs.

中文翻译：

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初级保健中的药物不良反应：范围界定研究。

背景技术与药物有关的不良事件或药物不良反应（ADR）是由药物引起的有害事件。ADR可能对患者的生活质量产生深远影响，并给医疗保健系统增加负担。在国际上，ADR是发病率和死亡率上升的原因之一，随着老龄化社会中用于治疗各种疾病的药物复杂性，ADR将继续成为重要的公共卫生问题。该范围回顾旨在提供详细的地图，以了解在初级医疗机构中遇到的最常见的药物不良反应，与药物不良反应的不同水平/类型，ADR的起因，其患病率和经历后果相关的药物类别ADR。方法我们系统地审查了电子数据库Ovid MEDLINE，Embase，CINAHL Plus，Cochrane对照试验中央注册系统，PsycINFO和Scopus。此外，还搜索了国家患者安全基金会书目和卫生保健研究与质量和患者安全网书目机构。由于报告的药物反应发生率在1990年之前并不普遍，因此纳入了1990年以后至2018年12月7日发表的研究。我们仅包括英文发表的研究。结果最终搜索在15年期间内共发表了19篇被收录的引文，这些引文主要侧重于调查初级医疗保健中不同类型的药物不良反应。不良事件的最主要原因与药物相关和过敏有关。异质性不良反应不是很普遍的报道。该评价中研究报告的最常见药物不良反应是与中枢神经系统，胃肠道系统和心血管系统相关的反应。据报道几种药物与不良事件有关。结论本研究范围确定了ADR的主要原因是与药物有关的，并且是由于过敏引起的。在文献中，异质性不良反应不是很普遍。这主要是因为难以预测并且这些反应与药物剂量或给药途径无关。该评价中包括的研究中报告的最常见的ADR是与中枢神经系统，胃肠道系统和心血管系统相关的ADR。