Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is a rare, benign lymphoproliferative disorder often manifesting as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). Once a malignant cause of SPN is ruled out, it presents a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians due to histopathological overlap with diseases like mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and IgG4-related sclerosing disease. We report an adult patient who presented with incidental finding of a SPN, and was subsequently diagnosed with PNLH via a combined technique of radial-endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN), and cryobiopsy. We discuss the sonographic appearance and histopathological morphology of PNLH, and the merits of bronchoscopic techniques in averting surgical intervention of SPN. This is the first reported sonographic appearance of PNLH under radial-endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS).

中文翻译：

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Rad支气管内超声检查眼中的肺结节性淋巴样增生

肺结节性淋巴样增生（PNLH）是一种罕见的良性淋巴增生性疾病，通常表现为孤立性肺结节（SPN）。一旦排除了SPN的恶性原因，由于与诸如粘膜相关淋巴样组织（MALT）淋巴瘤和IgG4相关性硬化症等疾病的组织病理学重叠，它会给临床医生带来诊断难题。我们报告了一名成人患者，偶然发现了SPN，随后通过放射状支气管内超声（R-EBUS），虚拟支气管镜导航（VBN）和冷冻切片检查的组合技术被诊断为PNLH。我们讨论了PNLH的超声表现和组织病理形态，以及支气管镜技术在避免SPN外科手术中的优点。