To meet the global demand for animal protein, sustainable intensification of existing livestock systems may be possible, especially through integration of livestock with crops or forestry. Thus, our objective was to compare forage production and animal performance in grass monoculture and integrated systems in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The four systems were (a) livestock (L) with Marandu palisadegrass {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster} as monoculture, (b) palisadegrass pastures integrated with eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus urograndis; hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake) arranged in three‐row groves with groves spaced 30 m apart (livestock–forestry; LF), (c) palisadegrass after two years of crops (crop–livestock; CL) and (d) palisadegrass after two years of crops with single rows of eucalyptus trees spaced 37 m apart (crop–livestock–forestry; CLF). From July 2016 to July 2017, all experimental units were continuously stocked using a variable stocking rate. Greater herbage accumulation (HA) occurred in CL and CLF in comparison with L and LF (21,310, 24,050, 19,500 and 18,890 kg DM/ha respectively). The gain per hectare of L, LF and CL (average of 932 kg ha^–1) was less than CLF (1,190 kg ha^–1). Average daily gain was similar among systems (0.69 kg/day). We conclude that integrated systems can support similar (LF or CL) or greater (CLF) levels of animal production than palisadegrass monocultures while increasing diversity of outputs, thereby providing a greater range of viable systems for livestock production in the Brazilian Amazon biome.

中文翻译：

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单种养殖或作为作物－畜牧－林业综合系统组成部分的木栅草牧场上的牧草和动物生产

为了满足全球对动物蛋白的需求，可能有可能对现有牲畜系统进行可持续集约化，特别是通过将牲畜与农作物或林业结合起来。因此，我们的目标是比较巴西亚马逊生物群落中草类单一栽培和综合系统中的牧草产量和动物性能。这四个系统是（a）单一饲养的Marandu palisadegrass { Brachiaria brizantha（Hochst。ex A. Rich。）RD Webster}的牲畜（b）与桉树（Eucalyptus urograndis；Eucalyptus urograndis的杂交种；Eucalyptus grandis W的杂交种）组成的草木牧场。山前少女和尾叶桉ST Blake）排列在三行林中，这些林之间的距离为30 m（牲畜－林业； LF），（c）种植两年后的木瓜（农作物； CL）和（d）种植两年后的木栅单排桉树相距37 m（作物－畜牧业－林业； CLF）。从2016年7月到2017年7月，所有实验单元都以可变的放养率连续放养。与L和LF相比，CL和CLF发生了更多的草料积累（HA）（分别为21,310、24,050、19,500和18,890 kg DM / ha）。L，LF和CL（平均932 kg ha ^–1）每公顷的增幅小于CLF（1,190 kg ha ^–1））。系统之间的平均日增重相似（0.69千克/天）。我们得出的结论是，与牧草单一栽培相比，综合系统可以支持相似（LF或CL）或更高（CLF）的动物生产水平，同时增加了产出的多样性，从而为巴西亚马逊生物群落的牲畜生产提供了更多可行的系统。