The research investigates a novel method to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) using lime and sodium hydroxide modified fly ash (NCFA) with varied dose and time. The analysis showed that pH was raised to 8.24 and approximately 99% of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb; 97% of Co, Mn, Zn; 83% of Fe; 35% of Mg; 21% of Na, SO₄; and 49% of Cl were removed after 20 min of reaction with 70 gm L⁻¹ dose. The precipitation of these metals as well as sulfate in the form of gypsum on the NCFA surface was detected by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The possible mineral phases were identified by PHREEQC geochemical modeling. However, this analysis does not evaluate the hazard of the treated water to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, water quality index (WQI) and hazard index (HI) is proposed in this study to evaluate the risk and identify the optimum dose and time for AMD treatment. These indices confirmed that AMD should be treated with 70 gm L⁻¹ dose of NCFA for 20 min to safeguard human and aquatic life. This study gives a new direction to treat AMD effectively and identify its potential risk to living organisms.

该研究探讨了一种使用石灰和氢氧化钠改性粉煤灰（NCFA）改变剂量和时间来处理酸性矿山排水（AMD）的新方法。分析表明pH升高到8.24，约99％的Al，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni，Pb升高。97％的Co，Mn，Zn；铁的83％；35％的镁; 21％的Na，SO ₄；与70 gm L ^-1反应20分钟后，去除了49％的Cl剂量。通过X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜检测这些金属以及以石膏形式的硫酸盐在NCFA表面上的沉淀。通过PHREEQC地球化学模型确定了可能的矿物相。但是，该分析并未评估处理后的水对水生生物和人类健康的危害。因此，本研究提出了水质指数（WQI）和危害指数（HI），以评估风险并确定AMD治疗的最佳剂量和时间。这些指数证实，应使用70 gm L ^-1剂量的NCFA治疗AMD 20分钟，以保护人类和水生生物。这项研究为有效治疗AMD并确定其对活生物体的潜在危险提供了新的方向。