Process modeling has been widely investigated in the literature and several general purpose approaches have been introduced, addressing a variety of domains. However, generality goes to the detriment of the possibility to model details and peculiarities of a particular application domain. As acknowledged by the literature, known approaches predominantly focus on one aspect between control flow and data, thus neglecting the interplay between the two. Moreover, process instances are not considered or considered in isolation, neglecting, among other aspects, synchronization points among them. As a consequence, the model is an approximation of the real process, limiting its reliability and usefulness in particular domains. This observation emerged clearly in the context of a research project in the construction domain, where preliminary attempts to model inter-company processes show the lack of an appropriate language.

Building on a semi-formal language tested on real construction projects, in this paper we define CoPModL, a process modeling language which accounts both for activities and items on which activities are to be executed. The language supports the specification of different item-based dependencies among the activities, thus serving as a synchronization specification among several activity instances. We provide a formal semantics for the language in terms of LTL over finite traces. This paves the way for the development of automatic reasoning. In this respect, we investigate process model satisfiability and develop an effective algorithm to check it.

在文献中对过程建模进行了广泛的研究，并引入了几种通用方法来处理各种领域。但是，通用性损害了对特定应用程序域的细节和特性进行建模的可能性。正如文献所承认的那样，已知方法主要集中在控制流和数据之间的一方面，因此忽略了两者之间的相互作用。而且，流程实例不是孤立地考虑或考虑的，除其他方面外，它们之间的同步点也没有考虑。结果，该模型是真实过程的近似值，从而限制了其在特定领域中的可靠性和实用性。在建筑领域的一个研究项目的背景下，这种观察清楚地出现了，

在实际工程项目上测试的半正式语言的基础上，本文定义了CoPModL，CoPModL是一种过程建模语言，用于说明活动和要在其上执行活动的项目。该语言支持活动之间不同的基于项目的依存关系的规范，因此可以充当多个活动实例之间的同步规范。我们根据有限跟踪上的LTL为该语言提供形式语义。这为自动推理的发展铺平了道路。在这方面，我们研究过程模型的可满足性，并开发一种有效的算法对其进行检查。