We evaluated the effects of cattle manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in maize plants growing in a semiarid area of Brazilian north-east in 2012 and 2013. Three isolates of AMF (Acaulosporalongula URM-FMA 07 and URM-FMA 03, Claroideoglomusetunicatum UNIVASF 06A) were used, with or without the application of cattle manure, during two growing cycles. In the first year, significant effects of inoculation were detected for straw yield only when the manure was applied. In the second year, there was an interaction between fertilisation and inoculation for plant height and grain yield, with the highest values in the fertilised treatments. Inoculation with A. longula demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation in field-grown plants could be an alternative management for improving plant growth and grain yield, reducing the use of cattle manure. The AMF sporulation and mycorrhizal colonisation were improved after inoculation, and A. longula URM-FMA 07 increased sporulation by more than 15 times while inoculation with C. etunicatum increased sporulation by more than 3 times. The mycorrhizal inoculation is a management practice that can be useful for recovering or maintaining AMF infective propagules in soil, showing potential to be used in large-scale field conditions in Brazilian semiarid. Although mycorrhisation presents high agricultural relevance due to benefits promoted to the soil and plants, the knowledge about the factors influencing the interactions among microorganisms, soil and plants need to be broadened aiming to achieve successful crop management in semiarid regions.

中文翻译：

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半干旱条件下大田玉米牛粪菌根接种及应用

我们在 2012 年和 2013 年评估了牛粪和接种丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 对巴西东北部半干旱地区玉米植株的影响。三个 AMF 分离株 (无杆孢属龙舌兰URM-FMA 07 和 URM-FMA 03，鲶鱼浣熊UNIVASF 06A) 在两个生长周期中使用，无论是否使用牛粪。在第一年，仅在施粪时才检测到接种对秸秆产量的显着影响。第二年，施肥和接种对株高和籽粒产量有交互作用，施肥处理的值最高。接种A. longula表明在田间种植的植物中接种菌根可以作为改善植物生长和谷物产量的替代管理，减少牛粪的使用。接种后 AMF 孢子形成和菌根定植得到改善，A. longulaURM-FMA 07 接种时孢子增加 15 倍以上C. etunicatum产孢量增加 3 倍以上。菌根接种是一种管理实践，可用于恢复或维持土壤中的 AMF 感染性繁殖体，显示出在巴西半干旱地区大规模田间条件下使用的潜力。尽管菌根化由于对土壤和植物的益处而呈现出高度的农业相关性，但需要拓宽关于影响微生物、土壤和植物之间相互作用的因素的知识，以在半干旱地区实现成功的作物管理。