Usually solid fins are used in industrial heating as well as cooling systems. Installing porous fins in heat exchangers and process cooling equipments like chillers can significantly improve the heat transfer ability of the equipments. This happens due to the increase in effective thermal conductivity as a result of the increase in surface area for convection through pores. The theory of porous media was primarily introduced by Kiwan.¹ An approximate solution was given by Vafai and Thiyagaraja² on porous and fluid zone interface for the velocity and temperature distributions. An exact solution of the same problem was carried out by Vafai and Kim.³ Kiwan and Zeitoun⁴ studied natural convection in a horizontal cylindrical annulus using porous fins where they used energy equation and Darcy model to formulate the governing equation. Cuce and Cuce⁵ used this model to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of longitudinal porous fin. High thermal conductivity porous fins and smaller Darcy numbers can enhance heat transfer rate as reported by Hamdan and Al-Nimr.⁶ On the other hand, effect of various parameters like Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da) and thermal conductivity ratio was investigated by Kundu et al.⁷ It was noticed that thermal performance of porous fin increased at higher Ra and Da up to a limited conductivity ratio. Similar conclusion was given by Kiwan⁸ when analysing the thermo-physical properties of porous fin for three different types. It was also found that the heat transfer rate from porous fin can be higher than that of a solid fin.

中文翻译：

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一种改进的萤火虫算法，可最大限度地提高暴露在对流和辐射环境下的热交换器中矩形多孔散热片的散热能力

通常，固体散热片用于工业加热和冷却系统。在热交换器和过程冷却设备（如冷却器）中安装多孔散热片可以显着提高设备的传热能力。这是由于通过孔对流的表面积增加而导致的有效热导率增加而发生的。多孔介质理论最初是由Kiwan提出的。¹ Vafai和Thiyagaraja ²在多孔和流体区域界面上给出了速度和温度分布的近似解。瓦菲（Vafai）和金（Kim）提出了相同问题的精确解决方案。³ Kiwan和Zeitoun ⁴他们研究了利用多孔翅片在水平圆柱环空中的自然对流，并利用能量方程和达西模型建立了控制方程。Cuce和Cuce ⁵使用此模型来分析纵向多孔鳍的效率和有效性。Hamdan和Al-Nimr报告说，高导热率的多孔鳍片和较小的达西数可以提高传热速率。⁶另一方面，Kundu等人研究了诸如瑞利数（Ra），达西数（Da）和热导率之类的各种参数的影响。⁷注意到在较高的Ra和Da时多孔鳍片的热性能会提高直到有限的电导率。Kiwan ⁸在分析三种不同类型的多孔翅片的热物理性质时也得出了类似的结论。还发现来自多孔翅片的传热速率可以高于固体翅片的传热速率。