Organic radicals are important species with single electrons. Because of their open-shell structure, they are widely used in functional materials, such as spin probes, magnetic materials and optoelectronic materials. Owing to the high reactivity of single electrons, they often serve as a key intermediate in organic synthesis. Therefore, tuning the stability of radicals is crucial for their functions. Herein, we summarize covalent and non-covalent approaches to tune the stability of organic radicals through steric effects and tuning the delocalization of spin density. Covalent approaches can tune the stability of radicals effectively and non-covalent approaches benefit from dynamicity and reversibility. It is anticipated that the further development of covalent and non-covalent approaches, as well as the interplay between them, may push the fields forward by enriching new radical materials and radical mediated reactions.

中文翻译：

---

调节有机自由基的稳定性：从共价方法到非共价方法

有机自由基是具有单电子的重要物种。由于它们具有开壳结构，因此广泛用于功能材料，例如自旋探针，磁性材料和光电材料。由于单电子的高反应性，它们通常充当有机合成中的关键中间体。因此，调节自由基的稳定性对其功能至关重要。在这里，我们总结了共价和非共价方法，通过空间效应和自旋密度的离域调节来调节有机自由基的稳定性。共价方法可以有效地调节自由基的稳定性，非共价方法则受益于动态性和可逆性。预计共价和非共价方法的进一步发展以及它们之间的相互作用，