Bovine mastitis is a disease with a multi-etiological nature, defined as an inflammation of the udder. The main treatment for mastitis is the administration of antibiotics – usually directly to the udder. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat and prevent the disease, given the widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance and concomitant problems in the treatment of human and animal infections. We provide an overview of treatments for bovine mastitis, with emphasis on probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages (phages), and phage endolysins. Probiotics have in recent years proved to be particularly efficacious in bovine mastitis treatment and prevention. In this case, the mode of action is most likely to be due to stimulation of the host immune response which clears the mastitis pathogen. Bacteriocins have the potential to be incorporated into teat washes and wipes, thus preventing pathogen spread on the farm. Phage therapy is limited by the inability of some phages to replicate in raw milk, as reported for some staphylococcal phages, and by their narrow host specificity. The use of phage endolysins is more promising, by enabling the development of broad host range potent antimicrobials, but additional research is required in terms of efficacy, safety and production.

牛乳腺炎是一种具有多种病因的疾病，定义为乳房发炎。乳腺炎的主要治疗方法是施用抗生素-通常直接施用至乳房。鉴于抗生素抗性的广泛出现以及在人和动物感染的治疗中伴随的问题，迫切需要用于治疗和预防该疾病的新疗法。我们概述了牛乳腺炎的治疗方法，重点是益生菌，细菌素，噬菌体（噬菌体）和噬菌体溶素。近年来，益生菌已被证明在牛乳腺炎的治疗和预防中特别有效。在这种情况下，作用方式最可能是由于刺激了清除乳腺炎病原体的宿主免疫反应。细菌素有可能被掺入乳头清洗液和抹布中，从而防止病原体在农场传播。如某些葡萄球菌噬菌体报道的那样，由于某些噬菌体无法在生乳中复制，因此噬菌体治疗受到局限，而且它们的宿主特异性较窄。通过使宿主范围广泛的有效抗微生物剂的开发，噬菌体溶血素的使用是更有前途的，但是在功效，安全性和生产方面还需要进一步的研究。