Working rangelands and natural areas span diverse ecosystems and face both ecological and economic threats from weed invasion. Restoration practitioners and land managers hold a voluminous cache of place-based weed management experience and knowledge that has largely been untapped by the research community. We surveyed 260 California rangeland managers and restoration practitioners to investigate invasive and weedy species of concern, land management goals, perceived effectiveness of existing practices (i.e., prescribed fire, grazing, herbicide use, and seeding), and barriers to practice implementation. Respondents identified 196 problematic plants, with yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis L.) and medusahead ( Elymus caput-medusae L.) most commonly listed. Reported adoption and effectiveness of weed management practices varied regionally, but the most highly rated practice in general was herbicide use; however, respondents identified considerable challenges including nontarget effects, cost, and public perception. Livestock forage production was the most commonly reported management goals (64% of respondents), and 25% of respondents were interested in additional information on using grazing to manage invasive and weedy species; however, 19% of respondents who had used grazing for weed management did not perceive it to be an effective tool. Across management practices, we also found common barriers to implementation, including operational barriers (e.g., permitting, water availability), potential adverse impacts, actual effectiveness, and public perception. Land manager and practitioner identified commonalities of primary weeds, management goals, perceived practice effectiveness, and implementation barriers across diverse bioregions highlight major needs that could be immediately addressed through management–science partnerships across the state’s expansive rangelands and natural areas.

中文翻译：

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从业者对加利福尼亚牧场和自然区域杂草管理的见解

工作牧场和自然区域跨越不同的生态系统，并面临杂草入侵的生态和经济威胁。恢复从业人员和土地管理者拥有大量基于地方的杂草管理经验和知识，而这些经验和知识在很大程度上尚未被研究界利用。我们调查了 260 名加利福尼亚牧场管理者和恢复从业人员，以调查受关注的入侵和杂草物种、土地管理目标、现有实践的感知有效性（即规定的火、放牧、除草剂使用和播种）以及实践实施的障碍。受访者确定了 196 种有问题的植物，其中最常见的有黄色刺槐 ( Centaurea solstitialis L.) 和 Medusahead ( Elymus caput-medusae L.)。报告的杂草管理实践的采用和有效性因地区而异，但总体上评价最高的做法是使用除草剂；然而，受访者发现了相当大的挑战，包括非目标效应、成本和公众认知。牲畜饲料生产是最常报告的管理目标（64% 的受访者），25% 的受访者对使用放牧管理入侵和杂草物种的更多信息感兴趣；然而，19% 曾将放牧用于杂草管理的受访者认为它不是一种有效的工具。在管理实践中，我们还发现了实施的常见障碍，包括操作障碍（例如，许可、可用水）、潜在的不利影响、实际效果和公众认知。土地管理者和从业者确定了主要杂草的共性、管理目标、感知的实践有效性、