Background and aims Mycorrhizosphere is the interface between roots and soil where a myriad of microorganisms mediate plant growth, nutrient acquisition and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and result in driving ecosystem biogeochemical cycling. Understanding the complexity and dynamics of mycorrhizosphere and its ecology and evolution are critical to enhancing forest productivity and ecosystem functioning, especially in high latitude temperate or high altitude alpine forests. However, the fungal community compositions and their driving ecological mechanisms of mycorrhizosphere during forest restoration are poorly documented. Methods In this study, we simultaneously examined the ectomycorrhizal (EM) and rhizospheric fungal communities of two dominant host tree species ( Abies faxoniana and Betula albosinensis ) in subalpine forest communities with distinct forest restoration stages (30- vs. 60-year) after clear-cutting. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences was adopted. Results A total of 1222 EM and 5880 rhizosphere fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level, which were mainly dominated by Basidiomycota. Host identity and forest restoration stage had no significant effects on fungal species richness of both EM and rhizospheric fungi. However, the community assembly of EM and rhizospheric fungi was significantly different during forest restoration, with opposite patterns shown on ectomycorrhizae and rhizosphere. The EM fungal community assembly was significantly affected by host identity, stand age and population dynamic, while the rhizosphere fungal community was significantly structured by combinations of host trees biomass, soil properties and spatial distance. Conclusions Our data provide important insights that community assembly of EM and rhizosphere fungi may respond idiosyncratically during forest restoration, which will help us deeper understanding forest succession, stability and ecosystem functioning on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原东部亚高山森林恢复过程中菌根和根际真菌群落组成的差异

背景和目标菌根圈是根和土壤之间的界面，无数微生物在此介导植物生长、养分获取和对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受，并导致驱动生态系统生物地球化学循环。了解菌根圈的复杂性和动态及其生态和进化对于提高森林生产力和生态系统功能至关重要，尤其是在高纬度温带或高海拔高山森林中。然而，森林恢复过程中真菌群落组成及其驱动菌根圈的生态机制鲜有记载。方法 在本研究中，我们同时检测了亚高山森林群落中两种优势寄主树种（冷杉和白桦）的外生菌根 (EM) 和根际真菌群落，这些树种在砍伐后具有不同的森林恢复阶段（30 年与 60 年）。采用了内部转录间隔区 2 (ITS2) 序列的 Illumina MiSeq 测序。结果共获得1222个EM和5880个根际真菌操作分类单元（OTU），序列相似度为97%，主要以担子菌为主。寄主身份和森林恢复阶段对 EM 和根际真菌的真菌物种丰富度没有显着影响。然而，在森林恢复过程中，EM 和根际真菌的群落组装存在显着差异，在外生菌根和根际上显示出相反的模式。EM真菌群落组装受寄主身份、林龄和种群动态的显着影响，而根际真菌群落受寄主树木生物量、土壤性质和空间距离的组合显着影响。结论 我们的数据提供了重要的见解，即 EM 和根际真菌群落组装在森林恢复过程中可能会产生特殊反应，这将有助于我们更深入地了解青藏高原的森林演替、稳定性和生态系统功能。土壤性质和空间距离。结论 我们的数据提供了重要的见解，即 EM 和根际真菌的群落组装可能在森林恢复过程中产生特殊反应，这将有助于我们更深入地了解青藏高原的森林演替、稳定性和生态系统功能。土壤性质和空间距离。结论 我们的数据提供了重要的见解，即 EM 和根际真菌的群落组装可能在森林恢复过程中产生特殊反应，这将有助于我们更深入地了解青藏高原的森林演替、稳定性和生态系统功能。