Diabetic complications are associated with the glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which leads to structural modifications of biomolecules further affecting cells. Carbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are highly reactive and form an elevated amount of AGEs as compared to glucose and fructose. The investigation of glycation modifications by different compounds may be important to assess the specific pattern of biomolecular and cellular modifications and compare their glycation potential. The present work aims to comprehensively and comparatively examine the effect of glycating agents (glucose, fructose, ribose, methylglyoxal, and glyceraldehyde) on plasma, erythrocytes, platelets, and blood DNA. Glycation of plasma, cells, and DNA was initiated by incubating them with glycating agents for 24–48 h at 37 °C. Negative control samples (without glycating agents) were maintained simultaneously. After treatment, plasma and DNA samples were dialyzed and cell lysate was prepared. Markers of glycation (fructosamine), structural modifications (free amino, β-amyloid, absorption spectra), antioxidant indices (catalase activity, glutathione) and erythrocyte hemolysis were estimated. In the presence of glycating agents, there was a significant increase in the formation of fructosamine, structural modification markers and depletion in antioxidant indices. Overall results suggest that among all glycating agents; methylglyoxal and glyceraldehyde have more potency of glycation induced structural modifications in plasma and vascular cells. This indicates the specific glycation modifications in plasma and vascular cells by various glycating agents may be investigated further for controlling diabetic pathological changes.

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不同糖基化剂对人血浆和血管细胞的比较研究

糖尿病并发症与糖基化和晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）的形成有关，这导致生物分子的结构修饰进一步影响细胞。与葡萄糖和果糖相比，羰基化合物（例如甲基乙二醛和3-磷酸甘油醛）具有很高的反应性，并能形成较高的AGEs。研究不同化合物的糖基化修饰对于评估生物分子和细胞修饰的特定模式并比较其糖基化潜力可能很重要。本工作旨在全面和比较地检查糖化剂（葡萄糖，果糖，核糖，甲基乙二醛和甘油醛）对血浆，红细胞，血小板和血液DNA的作用。血浆，细胞的糖化 通过将它们与糖化剂在37°C下孵育24–48 h来启动DNA。同时保持阴性对照样品（无糖化剂）。处理后，透析血浆和DNA样品并制备细胞裂解液。估计了糖基化（果糖胺），结构修饰（游离氨基，β-淀粉样蛋白，吸收光谱），抗氧化指数（过氧化氢酶活性，谷胱甘肽）和红细胞溶血的标记。在糖基化剂的存在下，果糖胺的形成，结构修饰标记和抗氧化剂指数的消耗显着增加。总体结果表明，在所有糖化剂中；甲基乙二醛和甘油醛在血浆和血管细胞中具有更高的糖基化诱导结构修饰能力。